Probiotic Product Enhances Susceptibility of Mice to Cryptosporidiosis

Oliveira, Bruno César Miranda; Widmer, Giovanni

doi:10.1128/aem.01408-18

Cited by 35 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The procedures for DNA extraction, amplicon library construction and bioinformatics were previously described [17][18][19]. Briefly, fecal DNA was PCR amplified to prepare amplicons of the V1V2 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene [20,21].…”

Section: Microbiota Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fecal microbiota of healthy donor horses and geriatric recipients undergoing fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of diarrhea

et al. 2020

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Background and aimsFecal microbial transplantation (FMT), a treatment for certain gastrointestinal conditions associated with dysbiosis in people, is also empirically employed in horses with colitis. This study used microbiota high-throughput sequencing to compare the fecal microbial profile of healthy horses to that of geriatric microbial transplant recipients experiencing diarrhea and tested whether FMT restores microbiota diversity. OPEN ACCESS Citation: McKinney CA, Oliveira BCM, Bedenice D, Paradis M-R, Mazan M, Sage S, et al. (2020) The fecal microbiota of healthy donor horses and geriatric recipients undergoing fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of diarrhea. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230148. https://doi.org/10.

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Section: Microbiota Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FASTQ formatted sequences were processed using programs found in mothur [22] essentially as described [17]. Briefly, random subsamples of 5000 sequences per sample were processed.…”

Section: Bioinformaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fecal microbiota of healthy donor horses and geriatric recipients undergoing fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of diarrhea

et al. 2020

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“…The procedures for DNA extraction, amplicon library construction and bioinformatics were previously described [5,31]. Briefly, fecal DNA was PCR amplified to prepare amplicons of the V1V2 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene [32,33].…”

Section: Microbiota Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotic treatment was terminated on day 2 PI. The goal of the antibiotic treatment was to deplete the native intestinal microbiome [30], and replicate the treatment used in a previous series of experiments with probiotics [5]. From day -1 PI, the drinking water was supplemented with prebiotic ( Supplementary 115 Table 1) at a concentration of 2.8 g/L.…”

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Deprivation of dietary fiber enhances susceptibility of mice to cryptosporidiosis

Oliveira

Bresciani

Widmer

2019

Preprint

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Based on our initial observations showing that mice consuming a probiotic product develop more severe cryptosporidiosis, we investigated the impact of other dietary interventions on the intracellular proliferation of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. tyzzeri in the mouse. Mice were orally infected with oocysts and parasite multiplication measured by quantifying fecal oocyst output. High-15 throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons was used to correlate oocyst output with diet and with the composition of the intestinal microbiota. On average, mice fed a diet without fiber (cellulose, pectin and inulin) developed more severe infections. As expected, a diet without fibers also significantly altered the fecal microbiota. Consistent with these observations, mice fed a prebiotic product sold for human consumption excreted significantly fewer oocysts. The fecal microbiota of mice 20 consuming no plant polysaccharides was characterized by a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes bacteria. Since bacterial metabolites play an important role in the physiology of intestinal enterocytes, we hypothesize based on these observations that the impact of diet on parasite proliferation is mediated primarily by the metabolic activity of the anaerobic microbiota, specifically by the effect of certain metabolites on the host. This model is consistent with the metabolic dependence of intracellular stages 25 of the parasite on the host cell. These observations underscore the potential of dietary interventions to alleviate the impact of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in infants at risk of recurrent enteric infections. AUTHOR SUMMARY 30The infection with Cryptosporidium parasite, a condition known as cryptosporidiosis, is a common cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries. We have previously shown that mice infected with C. parvum, one of the main cause of human cryptosporidiosis, develop a more severe infection if given probiotics. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, we fed mice prebiotics and diet lacking plant fiber. We found that fermentable fiber, whether administered as a prebiotic supplement or is part of the 35 diet, has a protective effect against cryptosporidiosis in mice. We also observed a significant association between the severity of infection and the composition of the gut microbiota. A significant inverse correlation was found between severity of cryptosporidiosis and the ratio between the abundance of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Firmicute bacteria.This ratio is frequently viewed as a marker of a healthy microbiota. These results raise the possibility 40 that dietary interventions could be used to alleviate the impact of cryptosporidiosis. 45 as opportunistic pathogens in patients with AIDS, where cryptosporidiosis can lead to protracted diarrhea and wasting. Although immunocompetent patients heal spontaneously within a few weeks, recent studies in developing nations have pointed to Cryptosporidium as the second leading cause of infant diarrhea [2, 3]. The ...

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