Probiotic Supplementation Attenuates Binge Eating and Food Addiction 1 Year After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of eating disorders, known as psychobiotics, has already been investigated as a means of modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on binge eating and food addiction in subjects after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 101 patients who received probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07) or placebo supplements for 90 days after bariatric surgery, starting on the seventh postoperative day. They were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and postoperatively at 90 days (T1) and 1 year (T2) after surgery. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were applied to assess food addiction and binge eating, respectively. RESULTS: Before surgery, one-third of the patients presented with a food addiction and binge eating diagnosis. The number of symptoms of YFAS and the BES score decreased significantly in both groups at T1 compared to T0. However, a significant effect of treatment with probiotics was observed 1 year after surgery (T2). Both the number of symptoms of food addiction and the binge eating score were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (p=0.037 and p=0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION: The use of probiotic supplementation for 90 days in the immediate postoperative period may decrease food addiction symptoms and binge eating score up to 1 year after surgery compared to controls.

Effects of probiotics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Meta-analysis indicated that dietary energy, protein, carbohydrate and fiber were statistically reduced in the probiotics group compared to the placebo group. In Calos ’s study, they confirmed that the BES and YFAS statistically reduced in experiment group contrasting to the placebo group [ 26 ]. The probiotics type all included Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium .…”

“…6A ). Seven studies assessed data on BMI from baseline postoperatively [ 18 – 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 28 ]. There was a significant difference between both groups (191 vs 187, MD = −2.89 kg/m²; 95% CI [−0.32, 6.09], p = 0.08), with a significant heterogeneity (I² = 97%, P < 0.00001) (Fig.…”

“…There was a significant difference between both groups in the evolutions of GSRS [ 27 ] (34 vs 39, MD = 0.34, 95% CI [−0.46, −0.22], p < 0.00001) (Table 2 ). Calos ’s study [ 26 ] showed that after give probiotics supplementation to patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery 3 months and 1 year later, the BES and the YFAS were lower in the probiotics groups (BES (3 M): 37 vs 32, MD = −1.12, 95% CI [−1.93, −0.31], p = 0.007; BES (12 M): 22 vs 22, MD = −1.40, 95% CI [−2.40, −0.40], p = 0.006; YFAS (3 M): 37 vs 32, MD = −3.29, 95% CI [−6.86, −0.28], p = 0.07; YFAS (12 M): 22 vs 22, MD = −5.06, 95% CI [−9.51, −0.61], p = 0.03) (Table 2 ).…”

Examining the efficacy of a telehealth intervention targeting addictive eating in Australian adults (the TRACE Programme): a randomised controlled trial protocol

“…Of the nine studies reviewed, five studies that included lifestyle modification,25 medication26 27 or bariatric surgery28 29 were found to improve symptoms of addictive eating 23. Since publication of this review, a further four intervention studies (a behavioural weight loss programme,30 a brief telephone-based cognitive–behavioural therapy intervention,31 a low-carbohydrate dietary programme32 and a probiotic supplement placebo-controlled trial33) have been trialled with improvement in YFAS addictive eating symptomatology immediately following the intervention. To date, most studies have been limited in sample size and therefore have not been powered to detect a change in addictive eating symptoms 23.…”

Residual Gastric Volume in Morbidly Obese Diabetics After an Overnight Fasting or 3 Hours of a Carbohydrate-Enriched Supplement: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study

“…Furthermore, carbohydrate (CHO)-rich drinks given 2–3 hours prior to the anesthesia induction may add beneficial effects for patients. The intake of CHO-rich drinks not only is safe 11 , 32 but also may decrease postoperative insulin resistance 15 and reduce nausea and vomiting 13 , 20 . Thus, it may enhance postoperative recovery.…”