Probiotics, an Alternative Measure to Chemotherapy in Fish Production

Abstract

The use of chemotherapy in treating and enhancing the growth of fish has been widely criticized due to its negative environmental consequence. Hence, the use of probiotics which are bio-friendly seems to be a promising alternative. Therefore, the importance of probiotics in fish production was critically reviewed in line with their growth rate, disease treatment, and immune boosting. It was, however, realized that probiotics such as Lactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured from maize slurry and palm wine, respectively, could serve as good probiotics, which could enhance faster growth rate and wound-healing rate. Probiotics are, therefore, recommended to the fish farmers so as to increase the profitability of the aquaculture business.

Multi-species probiotics improve growth, intestinal microbiota and morphology of Indian major carp mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhosus

“…However, high price and low-quality of feeds, outbreaks of infectious diseases, extensive usage of available chemotherapies, and weakened immune system are the major obstacles for the consistent expansion of aquaculture ( Austin and Austin, 2016 , Hossain et al, 2020a , Hossain et al, 2020b , Senapin et al, 2018 , Uddin et al, 2007 ). To prevent disease outbreaks, antibiotics and chemicals have been frequently used, which causes resistance to drugs, degradation of the ecosystem, and makes foods unsafe for human health ( Aaen et al, 2015 , Akanmu, 2018 , Dawood and Koshio, 2016 ). Food safety is a global concern and modern aquaculture producers strive to adopt an aquaculture practice that will be eco-friendly and act as a substitute for antibiotics ( Akanmu, 2018 , Dimitroglou et al, 2011 , Magnadottir, 2010 ).…”

“…To prevent disease outbreaks, antibiotics and chemicals have been frequently used, which causes resistance to drugs, degradation of the ecosystem, and makes foods unsafe for human health ( Aaen et al, 2015 , Akanmu, 2018 , Dawood and Koshio, 2016 ). Food safety is a global concern and modern aquaculture producers strive to adopt an aquaculture practice that will be eco-friendly and act as a substitute for antibiotics ( Akanmu, 2018 , Dimitroglou et al, 2011 , Magnadottir, 2010 ).…”

Hematoimmunological responses of Nile tilapia juvenile with dietary supplementation of immunomodulators and different levels of vitamins after acute and physical stress

“…To prevent these losses, antibiotics and chemotherapy have been used as prophylactic measures and as treatment (Ding and He 2010; Wang et al 2019). However, the indiscriminate use of these can lead to the accumulation of substances in sh tissues, in addition to the emergence of "super-bacteria" that do not respond to antibiotic treatments (Akanmu 2018; Kraemer et al 2019).…”

In vitro Assessment of Multistrain Probiotic on Its Safety, Biofilm Formation Capability, and Antimicrobial Properties Against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…For decades, animal disease prevention and treatment have revolved around using chemical additives and veterinary medicines, especially antibiotics. However, reports on the detrimental effects caused by the broad spectrum of chemotherapeutics, such as the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, potential human health hazards, environmental contamination, and elimination of gut microflora beneficial to fishes, have triggered interest in experimentation with biological and ecofriendly approaches (Akanmu, 2018).…”