Probiotics and live biotherapeutic products aiming at cancer mitigation and patient recover

Abstract

Molecular biology techniques allowed access to non-culturable microorganisms, while studies using analytical chemistry, as Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry, showed the existence of a complex communication system among bacteria, signaled by quorum sensing molecules. These approaches also allowed the understanding of dysbiosis, in which imbalances in the microbiome diversity, caused by antibiotics, environmental toxins and processed foods, lead to the constitution of different diseases, as cancer. Colorectal cancer, for example, can originate by a dysbiosis configuration, which leads to biofilm formation, production of toxic metabolites, DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells through the secretion of genotoxins, and epigenetic regulation of oncogenes. However, probiotic strains can also act in epigenetic processes, and so be use for recovering important intestinal functions and controlling dysbiosis and cancer mitigation through the metabolism of drugs used in chemotherapy, controlling the proliferation of cancer cells, improving the immune response of the host, regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis, among others. There are still gaps in studies on the effectiveness of the use of probiotics, therefore omics and analytical chemistry are important approaches to understand the role of bacterial communication, formation of biofilms, and the effects of probiotics and microbiome on chemotherapy. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and metabiotics should be considered as a complement to other more invasive and hazard therapies, such chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The study of potential bacteria for cancer treatment, as the next-generation probiotics and Live Biotherapeutic Products, can have a controlling action in epigenetic processes, enabling the use of these bacteria for the mitigation of specific diseases through changes in the regulation of genes of microbiome and host. Thus, it is possible that a path of medicine in the times to come will be more patient-specific treatments, depending on the environmental, genetic, epigenetic and microbiome characteristics of the host.

The Science Underlying the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium in Beneficial Effects on Immunological and Gastrointestinal Health

“…In fact, these microbes have a great deal of dependability when it comes to delaying the beginning of certain illnesses [16,17]. As a result, taking probiotics might offer more affordable options for managing illnesses [18][19][20][21]. Probiotics are recognized to have many health benefits, but it's important to comprehend the processes underlying how they interact with immune cells to promote immunomodulatory effects [22].…”

The Potential of Meta-Proteomics and Artificial Intelligence to Establish the Next Generation of Probiotics for Personalized Healthcare

“…Many studies have shown that these probiotics are used for therapeutic enhancement and cancer diagnosis. 33,34 Also, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), whose phospholipid content is negatively correlated with the size, acts as an essential source of dietary delivery of LABs to humans. 35,36 The encapsulation of LAB with MFGM components in infant formula is based on the fact that these components contribute to infants' cognitive development and gut maturation.…”

“…Notably, the integrated approach of genomic sequence analysis and their active involvement in disease control has brought the probiotic therapeutic domain one step closer to clinical recognition. − Specifically, involving novel probiotics in cancer management might create a new paradigm in clinical oncology. Many studies have shown that these probiotics are used for therapeutic enhancement and cancer diagnosis. , Also, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), whose phospholipid content is negatively correlated with the size, acts as an essential source of dietary delivery of LABs to humans. , The encapsulation of LAB with MFGM components in infant formula is based on the fact that these components contribute to infants’ cognitive development and gut maturation . In a recent study, MFGM-coated probiotics have been observed to substantially increase the probiotics’ survival, adhesion, and colonization in the complex digestive system .…”