Probiotics and Prebiotics as Functional Ingredients in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Langen, Mirjam A.C. Looijer–Van; Prajapati, Vimal H.; Dieleman, Levinus A.

doi:10.1097/01.nt.0000342700.12175.a8

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To provide the rationale and the proof-of-principle for using butyrate in CrD patients, we checked whether the mechanisms we observed in cell lines also take place in human CrD colons. Our approach to testing potential anti-inflammatory strategies in CrD, which we have used to study other inflammatory conditions and potential strategies to modulate the inflammatory response [12] , is based on an ex vivo organ tissue culture model. This model represents a good approximation to in vivo studies since, all the anatomical connections in cultured biopsy tissues, are retained and all cell types (epithelial, myeloid, lymphoid) interact with neighboring cells within their natural environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An emerging therapeutic approach is the use of specific dietary fibre and/or prebiotics able to enhance butyrate production in the colon of CrD patients [12]. These functional foods have proven effective in delivering butyrate to the colonic mucosa, a process that is difficult to achieve by direct administration of butyrate, either orally or rectally [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CrD therapy is presently based on anti-inflammatory non-steroid drugs such as mesalazine, steroid analogues, and/or immuno-suppressive molecules that often produce severe side-effects [11] . An emerging therapeutic approach is the use of specific dietary fibre and/or prebiotics able to enhance butyrate production in the colon of CrD patients [12] . These functional foods have proven effective in delivering butyrate to the colonic mucosa, a process that is difficult to achieve by direct administration of butyrate, either orally or rectally [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Butyrate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Cells and Crohn's Mucosa through Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Machinery

et al. 2012

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Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CrD). High levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induce the activation of the redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn triggers the inflammatory mediators. Butyrate decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by the lamina propria mononuclear cells in CrD patients via inhibition of NF-κB activation, but how it reduces inflammation is still unclear. We suggest that butyrate controls ROS mediated NF-κB activation and thus mucosal inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells and in CrD colonic mucosa by triggering intracellular antioxidant defense systems. Intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and colonic mucosa from 14 patients with CrD and 12 controls were challenged with or without lipopolysaccaride from Escherichia Coli (EC-LPS) in presence or absence of butyrate for 4 and 24 h. The effects of butyrate on oxidative stress, p42/44 MAP kinase phosphorylation, p65-NF-κB activation and mucosal inflammation were investigated by real time PCR, western blot and confocal microscopy. Our results suggest that EC-LPS challenge induces a decrease in Gluthation-S-Transferase-alpha (GSTA1/A2) mRNA levels, protein expression and catalytic activity; enhanced levels of ROS induced by EC-LPS challenge mediates p65-NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells and in CrD colonic mucosa. Furthermore butyrate treatment was seen to restore GSTA1/A2 mRNA levels, protein expression and catalytic activity and to control NF-κB activation, COX-2, ICAM-1 and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, butyrate rescues the redox machinery and controls the intracellular ROS balance thus switching off EC-LPS induced inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells and in CrD colonic mucosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Butyrate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Cells and Crohn's Mucosa through Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Machinery

et al. 2012

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“…Finally, they enhance the integrity of the mucosal barrier by preventing mucosal apoptosis and stimulating expression of the MUC gene ( table 7 ) [15] . Supplementation of the synthetic probiotic mixture, VSL#3 (including Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) seems to restore colonic mucosa barrier function in experimental colitis [83] . For example, Lactobacillus GG has been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of recurrent colitis from Clostridium difficile .…”

Section: Prebiotics Probiotics and Bowel Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another probiotic, pectin, is considered to act as an antioxidant and promote restoration of the intestinal microbiota [82] . The daily intake of prebiotics in Western societies varies from 3 to 13 g per day [83] .…”

Section: Prebiotics Probiotics and Bowel Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of the Inflammatory Bowel Response

et al. 2011

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Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis represent distinct phenotypic forms of inflammatory bowel disease and continue to be a common cause of morbidity. The corticosteroids and the immunomodulatory drugs, which are the basis of treatment for the inflammatory bowel diseases, do not assure always satisfactory outcomes. Nutrition has been used in order to modify the inflammatory response of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, the intestinal microflora and the intestinal mucosal disorders play a crucial role. Also, the release of reactive oxygen species is a significant factor of initiation and preservation of the inflammatory reaction in these diseases. The advantages of the nutritional treatment derive from the sequestration of intraluminal agents which may promote the inflammatory bowel response or, alternatively, nutrition is able to modify the immune response, reducing the uncontrolled inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, nutrition can enhance the mucosal barrier function and consists a significant source of antioxidants. This review focuses on certain nutritional components that modulate the inflammatory response of the bowel and aims to present a rational thesis regarding the use of nutritional agents in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.

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The Human Microbiota

Berdanier¹

2018

Nutr Today

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Humans exist and other species coexist with a variety of microorganisms called the microbiota. Some of these produce needed nutrients such as vitamin K and short-chain fatty acids. The majority of the microorganisms are harmless, yet some of these organisms may play a role in chronic degenerative and other diseases. We do not know the identity of all of the microbiota that coexist with our bodies, yet we are beginning to learn that they can have far-reaching effects on our health and well-being. They may be involved in eliciting the inflammatory state, may be responsible for certain injuries, and may elicit signals that travel to the immune system that in turn serve as “triggers for the autoimmune response. The microbiotia can also generate signals to the brain that in turn may explain their associations with the development of obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Research continues to describe the identity, location, and function of the microbiota. Strategies to enhance the favorable roles of the microbiota while suppressing the deleterious effects are being studied.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics as Functional Ingredients in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Butyrate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Cells and Crohn's Mucosa through Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Machinery

Butyrate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Cells and Crohn's Mucosa through Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Machinery

Nutritional Modulation of the Inflammatory Bowel Response

The Human Microbiota

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