Probiotics and Probiotic-Derived Functional Factors—Mechanistic Insights Into Applications for Intestinal Homeostasis

Yan, Fang; Polk, D. Brent

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01428

Cited by 107 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The mechanisms of probiotic function are complex, heterogeneous, and specific to probiotic strains. They include competitive exclusion of pathogens (29), ability to colonize the intestine (30), intestinal barrier function improvement by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin expression along with the interaction of PAMP to PRRs, AMP production (31), and immune system regulation. Some important mechanisms are briefly discussed below.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of the Probiotic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

et al. 2021

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In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Of the Probiotic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

et al. 2021

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“…These data suggest that probiotics might also play a beneficial role directly in fibrotic tissue that is associated with intestinal inflammatory disease, such as CD. Despite the evidence in favor of the use of probiotics in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], the data in CD are scant and controversial [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Fraction from Lysate of a High Concentration Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis on CCD-18Co Cells

et al. 2021

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Fibrosis is a severe complication of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current strategies are not fully effective in treating fibrosis; therefore, innovative anti-fibrotic approaches are urgently needed. TGF-β1 plays a central role in the fibrotic process by inducing myofibroblast differentiation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. Here, we explored the potential anti-fibrotic impact of two high concentration multi-strain probiotic formulations on TGF-β1-activated human intestinal colonic myofibroblast CCD-18Co. Human colonic fibroblast CCD-18Co cells were cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 to develop a fibrotic phenotype. Cell viability and growth were measured using the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test. The collagen-I, α-SMA, and pSmad2/3 expression levels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Fibrosis markers were also analyzed by immunofluorescence and microscopy. The levels of TGF-β1 in the culture medium were assessed by ELISA. The effects of commercially available probiotic products VSL#3® and Vivomixx® were evaluated as the soluble fraction of bacterial lysates. The results suggested that the soluble fraction of Vivomixx® formulation, but not VSL#3®, was able to antagonize the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β1 on CCD-18Co cells, being able to prevent all of the cellular and molecular parameters that are related to the fibrotic phenotype. The mechanism underlying the observed effect appeared to be associated with inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence that Vivomixx® could be considered to be a promising candidate against intestinal fibrosis, being able to antagonize TGF-β1 pro-fibrotic effects. The differences that were observed in our fibrosis model between the two probiotics used could be attributable to the different number of strains in different proportions.

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“…Practically viable probiotic microorganisms positively confer health benefits to the host, mainly by improving the intestinal microbiota (Hemarajata & Versalovic 2013;Zhang et al, 2019). Recent investigations of probiotics in regulating immunological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal functions to control the inflammatory bowel disease, constipation, and colon cancer has been scientifically evaluated (Yan & Polk 2020;Walker et al, 2006). The therapeutic potential of lactic acid bacteria is depends on numerous factors (Sharma et al, 2012).…”

Section: Lactic Acid Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Makgeolli - The Traditional Choice of Korean Fermented Beverage from Cereal: An Overview on its Composition and Health Benefits

Shimoga

Kim

2022

Food Sci. Technol

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Probiotics and Probiotic-Derived Functional Factors—Mechanistic Insights Into Applications for Intestinal Homeostasis

Cited by 107 publications

References 109 publications

Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

Soluble Fraction from Lysate of a High Concentration Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis on CCD-18Co Cells

Makgeolli - The Traditional Choice of Korean Fermented Beverage from Cereal: An Overview on its Composition and Health Benefits

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