Probiotics Applications in Autoimmune Diseases

Al‐Salami, Hani; Caccetta, Rima; Goločorbin-Kon, Svetlana; Mikov, Momir

doi:10.5772/50463

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…The future therapy should also focus on normalizing gut disturbed immune response, which can be achieved through normalizing the composition of gut microflora, gut immune-response and microflora-epithelial interactions towards maintaining normal biochemical reactions and healthy body physiology. Recently, the applications of probiotics that selectively manipulate the gut microflora have gained great interest due to the feasibility of their administration and their safety as well [23]. These agents may become a component of treating IBD in combination with traditional anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents [24].…”

Section: Current and Emerging Drugs For The Treatment Of The Inflammamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

Mikov¹,

Stojančević²,

Bojić³

2014

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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SUMMARYTreatment of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult due to the ambiguity surrounding their precise etiology. Complex interaction of genetic, microbial and environmental factors leads to sustained activation of the mucosal immune system resulting in active inflammation. Despite the efficacy of conventional therapy, significant side effects can occur, highlighting the need for novel treatment approaches to IBD. Since gut microflora appears to play a significant role in IBD, manipulation of its composition and activity by administering beneficial bacteria -probiotics, has been identified as a potential therapeutic option. Probiotic bacteria are able to modify and improve the intestinal environment and subsequently reduce the severity of intestinal inflammation associated with IBD. Clinical evidence suggest that probiotics can maintain remission in Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) but there are no convincing reports on the effectiveness in patients with more severe active forms of IBD. This review will explore various mechanisms how probiotics may affect IBD and summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of probiotics in IBD.

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Section: Current and Emerging Drugs For The Treatment Of The Inflammamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combinations of different bacterial strains can be used but a mixture of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, which have a long and safe history in the manufacture of dairy products, is a common choice [23]. Less commonly used are the bacterial strains of Enterococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, and Escherichia among others.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

Mikov¹,

Stojančević²,

Bojić³

2014

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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“…The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microflora greatly contributes to energy balance and limits the access of pathogenic bacteria [15,16]. The concentration of bacteria varies greatly along the GIT with low concentrations in the stomach and duodenum (10-10 3 colony forming units (cfu/ml) and increasing levels in the colon (10 11-12 cfu/ml) [17,18].…”

Section: Git Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As illustrated in Figure 2, inflammation results from high fat diet and obesity which ultimately leads to an alteration of the gut epithelium and also results in widespread systemic inflammation affecting various organs including but not limited to the pancreas, muscle, liver and adipose tissue. This inflammatory cascade has been closely associated with tissue insensitivity to drugs, increasing levels of circulating reactive radicals and poor enterohepatic recirculation which cumulatively manifest as inadequate response by tissues to administered therapeutics, creating a cycle of add-on therapies and polypharmacy [15]. Thus it is necessary to investigate the underlying causes to the development of this inflammation which is the hallmark in the development and progression of T2D and its multiorgan complications [25].…”

Section: Git Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials and Limitations of Bile Acids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Applications of Microencapsulation as a Novel Oral Delivery System

Al-Salami¹

2013

J. Endocrinol. Diabetes Mellit.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from genetic and environmental factors that bring about tissue desensitization to insulin and consequent hyperglycemia. Despite strict glycemic control and the fact that new and more effective antidiabetic drugs are continuously appearing on the market, diabetic patients still suffer from the disease and its complications. Recent findings present a strong link between diabetes, inflammation, altered gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) disturbances. BAs are naturally produced in humans and are gaining an appreciable interest as an adjunct treatment for T2D due to their endocrine signalling and anti-inflammatory properties. However a significant limitation to their efficacy is their low oral absorption, poor targeted delivery, gut metabolism and inter-and intra-individual dose variations. Thus there is a need for a novel and robust formulation that will encapsulate the BAs and protect them until they reach the lower intestine allowing them to be clinically beneficial. Artificial Cell Microencapsulation (ACM) is a novel oral delivery system for biologically active molecules and has been used significantly in the delivery of various cells and therapeutics. ACM-BA formulation has the potential to optimise BA efficacy and safety profiles and may have a place in the treatment of diabetes. This review aims to investigate the applications of BAs in T2D and the use of ACM as a novel delivery system for their optimum delivery.

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“…Such beneficial effects stem from ability of probiotics to modify physiologic and metabolic parameters which are affected by normal indigenous microbes, such as immune system maturation, gut barrier function, levels of metabolic end products available to alter luminal conditions or serve as substrates to epithelial cells, binding or degradation of potential carcinogens, and enzymatic modification of bile acids (Hooper, Midtvedt, & Gordon, ). Overall, probiotics have mechanistically been found to exert their beneficial effects mainly through three routes, including competitive exclusion, anti‐bacterial effects, and modulation of immune responses (Al‐Salami, Mikov, Caccetta, & Golocorbin‐Kon, ). The therapeutic applications of probiotics in prevention and/or treatment of autoimmune diseases have been found to be primary attributed with ameliorating the inflammatory responses and increasing non‐specific host resistance to pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerogenic probiotics: potential immunoregulators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Esmaeili

Mahmoudi

Momtazi

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Probiotics are commensal or nonpathogenic microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and confer beneficial effects on the host through several mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, anti-bacterial effects, and modulation of immune responses. There is growing evidence supporting the immunomodulatory ability of some probiotics. Several experimental and clinical studies have been shown beneficial effect of some probiotic bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains, on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is mainly characterized by immune intolerance towards self-antigens. Some immunomodulatory probiotics have been found to regulate immune responses via tolerogenic mechanisms. Dendritic and T regulatory (Treg) cells, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23 can be considered as the most determinant dysregulated mediators in tolerogenic status. As demonstrated by documented experimental and clinical trials on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, a number of probiotic bacterial strains can restore tolerance in host through modification of such dysregulated mediators. Since there are limited reports regarding to impact of probiotic supplementation in SLE patients, the preset review was aimed to suggest a number of probiotics bacteria, mainly from Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus strains that are able to ameliorate immune responses. The aim was followed through literature survey on immunoregulatory probiotics that can restore tolerance and also modulate the important dysregulated pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE.

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Probiotics Applications in Autoimmune Diseases

Cited by 10 publications

References 198 publications

Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

Potentials and Limitations of Bile Acids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Applications of Microencapsulation as a Novel Oral Delivery System

Tolerogenic probiotics: potential immunoregulators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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