Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms

Iacono, A; Raso, Giuseppina Mattace; Canani, Roberto Berni; Calignano, Antonio; Meli, Rosaria

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.002

Cited by 167 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…disease in children with NAFLD. These results suggest that the assessment of the pattern of liver-resident and infiltration inflammatory cells may contribute not only to the diagnosis of NASH or to prediction of its potential progression to fibrosis, but also to identify novel pathways involved in the progression of the disease amenable to therapeutic intervention (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of activated inflammatory cells correlate with severity of liver damage in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Concomitantly to the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of liver disease in children. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of histological damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with possible progression to cirrhosis. There is growing evidence that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression to NASH but the cellular nature of the hepatic inflammation is still unknown. The present study includes 34 children with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Liver damage was evaluated by the NAFLD activity score (NAS), and the inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by immunohistochemistry for CD45, CD3 and CD163 which are markers of leukocytes, T cells and activated Kupffer cells/macrophages, respectively. Our results have shown that CD45 + (P<0.0001) and CD163 + (P<0.0001) cells were markedly increased in children with severe histological activity (NAS≥5) compared to children with lower activity (NAS<5), whereas CD3 + cells were significantly lower (P<0.01) in children with severe histological activity. There was a significant association between the numbers of CD45 + , CD3 + and CD163 + cells, regarding both the portal tract and liver lobule, and the severity of steatosis, ballooning and fibrosis (P<0.01). These data suggest that the severity and composition of the inflammatory infiltrate correlate with steatosis and the severity of disease in children with NAFLD. Moreover, a decrease in CD3 + cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver damage. Future studies should evaluate whether it can predict the progression of liver disease independently of established histological scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of activated inflammatory cells correlate with severity of liver damage in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

et al. 2012

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“…The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population has been reported between 2.8 to 30% in different countries (3,4), with Iran being an estimated 7% for children and 35% for adults (5,6). Changes in intestinal bacterial flora due to stress or poor nutritional habits are important in the pathogenesis or progression of NAFLD (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Patients with NAFLD: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Study

Asgharian

Mohammadi

Gholi

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Regarding the growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, concentrating on various strategies for its prevention and management seems necessary.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of synbiotic administration on body composition and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD.Methods: Eighty patients with NAFLD participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (from March to July 2014) in Iran. Based on AST and ALT as main variables of the study, 34 patients were required in each group (power 80% and α = 5%). Considering a 20% sample loss, 80 patients were enrolled. Synbiotic supplement in form of a 500 mg capsule (containing 7 species of probiotic bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides) was administrated to patients in the intervention group and those in the placebo group received 1 placebo capsule daily for 8 weeks. At the baseline and the end of the study, body composition and lipid profile were evaluated.Results: A significant reduction was observed in weight (P = 0.001), body fat (P = 0.02), and total cholesterol (P = 0.04) within the synbiotic group. On the other hand, WC (P = 0.02), total cholesterol, and LDL-c (P = 0.04 and P = 0.001, respectively) were significantly increased in the placebo group. TG, HDL-c, and FBG levels remained statistically unchanged in both groups. Significance betweengroup differences were seen in total cholesterol (P = 0.01), LDL (P = 0.01), weight, WC, and body fat after adjustment for energy intake (P = 0.05).Conclusions: Synbiotic supplementation may improve lipid profile and body composition in patients with NAFLD and might be useful in prevention of the disease progression.

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“…First, probiotics have been shown to produce a number of antimicrobial factors which lead to a decreased pH and inhibition in the growth of pathogenic gram negative bacteria. 89 In addition, some probiotic strains can compete with and displace pathogenic bacteria from epithelial surface receptors in the gut. 89 Intestinal permeability is also improved as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria mixtures have been shown to increase mucin secretion through upregulation of the mucin producing genes MUC2 and MUC3.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut Microbiota: Exploring the Connection

Oldfield¹,

Dong²,

Johnson³

2015

Gastro Open J

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As the gut microbiota continues to be implicated in an increasing number of disease processes, a plethora of new literature surrounding its complexity and role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis has become available. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common nonviral liver disease worldwide and a number of predisposing risk factors for NAFLD have been identified, including obesity and insulin resistance. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these risk factors and NAFLD, itself. Additionally, changes in the gut microbiota can lead to activation of immune responses that have the potential to promote progression of NAFLD to the more severe Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, the gut microbiota may serve as a potential target for therapeutic options to treat NAFLD. This review seeks to explain the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its risk factors, while also discussing potential future treatment options directed at correcting imbalances with in the gut microbiota.

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Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms

Cited by 167 publications

References 172 publications

Markers of activated inflammatory cells correlate with severity of liver damage in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Markers of activated inflammatory cells correlate with severity of liver damage in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Patients with NAFLD: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Study

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut Microbiota: Exploring the Connection

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