Probiotics L. acidophilus and B. clausii Modulate Gut Microbiota in Th1- and Th2-Biased Mice to Ameliorate Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced Diarrhea

Abstract

Gut microbiota play important role in maintaining health. Probiotics are believed to augment it further. We aimed at comparing effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bacillus clausii (BC) (a) on the gut microbiota abundance and diversity and (b) their contributions to control intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in Th1- and Th2-biased mice following Salmonella infection. We report how could gut microbiota and the differential immune bias (Th1 or Th2) of the host regulate host responses when challenged with Salmonella typhimurium in the presence and absence of either of the probiotics. LA was found to be effective in ameliorating the microbial dysbiosis and inflammation caused by Salmonella infection, in Th1 (C57BL/6) and Th2 (BALB/c)-biased mouse. BC was able to ameliorate Salmonella-induced dysbiosis and inflammation in Th2 but not in Th1-biased mouse. These results may support probiotics LA as a treatment option in the case of Salmonella infection.

The Small Intestine, an Underestimated Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Red Queen Effect to Probiotics

“…For Ace2 normalized by Gapdh, the expression in the murine small intestine is 0.7164 in the presence of mouse-SFB, and 0.6023 in the presence of rat-SFB, and 0.3115 in the germ-free mouse, with the statistical significance (p=0.0286) in Kruskal-Wallis test. In other public data [19], Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus clausii also failed to decrease the coronavirus receptors expression in the murine small intestine compared to control and post Salmonella infection (Extended Data Fig. 5).…”

Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG reverses mortality of neonatal mice againstSalmonellachallenge

“…Bulgaricus DWT1 (LDB) were chosen for treatment as described elsewhere. 8,20 Treatment of BALB/c mice with LA and LDB showed nearly 50% lethality in neonates. A daily dose of LA of 1 × 10 7 CFU mL −1 and LDB of 1 × 10 7 CFU mL −1 could not rescue Salmonella infected neonates.…”

Of men in mice: the development and application of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model for microbiome therapeutics

“…Beyond interspecies distinctions between mice and humans, microbial phylogenetic differences exist across murine genetic backgrounds. Numerous reports have indicated a general trend in which BALB/c mice have greater microbial diversity than mice of other strains, including C57BL/6 mice (Table 2) 66,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] . These differences were particularly evident when comparing F/B ratios, which were higher in BALB/c mice, as well as in the compositional variations at the genus and family levels 66,91,94,96,97 .…”

“…Numerous reports have indicated a general trend in which BALB/c mice have greater microbial diversity than mice of other strains, including C57BL/6 mice (Table 2) 66,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] . These differences were particularly evident when comparing F/B ratios, which were higher in BALB/c mice, as well as in the compositional variations at the genus and family levels 66,91,94,96,97 . The phyla of modified strains, particularly immunocompromised mice such as nonobese diabetic (NOD) or severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID), can even vary up to 10% with BALB/c mice, and while cohousing and FMT procedures can compensate for the compositional differences, they produce neither complete nor lasting effects 66,95,96,98,99 .…”