Probiotics Strains Modulate Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mule Ducks

Abstract

Background:Livestock production should respond to societal, environmental and economic changes. Since 2006 and the ban on antibiotics as growth factors in European Union, the use of probiotics has become widespread and has demonstrated the effect of intestinal microbiota on the performance of farm animals.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus salivarius (as a probiotics strain or combined with other strains) on zootechnical performance, metabolic and immune gene expression and intestinal microbiota diversity in mule ducks using high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR.Method:The mule ducks were reared for 79 days and overfed for 12 days with or without probiotics. Samples were collected at 14 (starting period) and 91 days (end of overfeeding period), 3 hours post feeding.Results:Irrespective of digestive content, age, level of feed intake or supplementation with probiotics, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the bacterial community in mule ducks. At 14 days, both the ileal and cecal samples were dominated by Firmicutes (in particular the Clostridiales order). Overfeeding induced a shift between Clostridiales and Lactobacillales in the ileal samples whereas in the cecal samples, the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased. Overfeeding also induced hepatic over-expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and of the lipid transporter gene Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4). This increase in lipid metabolism genes is associated with a decrease in inflammatory response.Conclusion:Finally, probiotic supplementation had only a slight impact on gene expression and microbiota diversity, both at 14 days and after overfeeding.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ameliorates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Regulating Transporters, Tight Junctions, and Apoptosis Gene Expression in Cell Line IPEC-1

“…Only 1% triton significantly increased LDH activity (*P < 0.05 versus control and probiotic groups) in the uptake of LCFA by small intestinal enterocytes [3]. The author reported that Lactobacillus plantarum LG42 could significantly decrease FAT/CD36 mRNA expression compared with untreated 3T3-L1 cells [25], but in our research, Ba failed to induce any effect on FAT/CD36 or PepT-1 expression, which is consistent with analyses by Even et al [26].…”

Bacillus-Based Probiotic Treatment Modified Bacteriobiome Diversity in Duck Feces

“…It should be noted that the available information about the influence of probioticenriched feed on ducks' gut microbiota is inconclusive, as both beneficial [28] and neutral effects were reported earlier [45]. One of the reasons for such a discrepancy may be because two independent groups of birds, with and without probiotic supplementation, are usually compared: implementing the repeated measures design, i.e., sampling the same member of a group before and after the probiotic treatment, is more difficult in practice even in case of feces.…”

Stable Colonization of Orally Administered Lactobacillus casei SY13 Alters the Gut Microbiota

“…Moreover, Zhang et al proved that administration of Lactobacillus could change the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in weaned piglets [27]. On the other hand, some researchers studied the ability of probiotic strains to modulate the gut microbiota in mule ducks and found that probiotic treatment had no effect on gut microbial richness and diversity in either ileal and cecal samples initially, but at the end of the overfeeding period, both diversity and richness were decreased following probiotic treatment [28]. However, in the present study, addition of L. casei SY13 enhanced both parameters at both time points.…”