Problem Searching approaches to nutrition optimization to increase the potential of life expectancy taking into account bioinformatic signals of the human regulatory system

Abstract

Introduction. High prevalence of alimentary diseases remains an acute healthcare issue. This calls for improvement of the methodology for health risk assessment under exposure to a set of determinants associated with unhealthy and unsafe diets to achieve optimal management for such risk. Investigation of cellular-molecular pathways of the development of metabolic disorder in case the signal transduction is non-coordinated is becoming especially important. The aim of this study is to improve methodological approaches to optimizing nutrition to increase potential of life expectancy, taking into account bioinformatic signals of the human regulatory system. Materials and methods. We have developed and implemented the methodology for health risk analysis for alimentary exposures at the population (the total population of eighty five RF regions, 340 indices, 2012–2023), individual (300,000 children aged of 7–14 years in 85 regions, 14 diseases, 2019–2023), organ and cellular-molecular levels (2430 children from 5 regions, 1550 indices; 300 Wistar rats). The methods employed in this study include hygienic analysis, medical-social questioning; biochemical, chemical-analytical tests, clinical-functional examinations; proteomic, bioinformation, multiple regression and spatial-dynamic analysis; health risk assessment; cascade, neural network and evolutional modelling; calculation of life expectancy at birth (LEB). Results. In the Russian Federation, population losses in LEB associated with risks of alimentary diseases caused by consumption of unsafe food products on average amount to 1.08 years; those caused by unhealthy diets, 2 years. Individual losses in LEB exemplified by schoolchildren are expected to reach 4.7 years under the worst-case diet scenarios. A reduction in LEB equal to 1.8 months is predicted in case of deregulated signal transduction under chemical contamination in biological media as exemplified by expression of only two proteins (apolipoprotein A1 and transthyretin). The parameters obtained in the study determine management interventions that combine coordinated federal and regional mechanisms of state regulation and the formation of a responsible attitude of citizens concerning healthy diets. Conclusion. We have developed the health risk assessment methodology that combines population, individual, cellular, and sub-cellular levels. It allows solving several practical tasks aimed at substantiating relevant measures for optimization of diets consumed by various population groups. Expected effectiveness of implementing a set of relevant managerial decisions can reach 3 years of LEB growth.