Objective: An important factor in the protection of women from gynecological cancers is awareness. Increasing awareness of gynecological cancer is important in terms of early diagnosis of the disease, treatment and reduction of mortality. The research was conducted to determine the gynecological cancer awareness of women of reproductive age and postmenopausal period. Methods: The study, designed as a descriptive cross-sectional type, was conducted with women who were admitted to a state hospital in Çankırı between October 2019 and February 2020. The sample consisted of 339 women who met the inclusion criteria. At the data collection stage, the 'Participant Information Form' and 'Gynecological Cancers Awareness Scale', which includes sociodemographic obstetric and general health characteristics (age, marital status, education, number of pregnancy, genital cancer history, sexual disease history) '' used. SPSS 21.0 (Statistical packet for Social Sciences for Windows) package program was used for the analysis of the data obtained from the study. Results: In the study, it was determined that women in the age group of 36-50, working, with 1-3 pregnancies and children, using oral contraceptives and having ideas about whether gynecological cancers can be prevented, had higher Gynecological Cancers Awareness Scale mean scores. It was determined that the gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale total mean scores were higher in women of reproductive age (150.7±20.6) compared to women in the postmenopausal period (144.4±18.5), and the difference between them was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the research results; In women, factors such as education, number of pregnancies, number of births, family planning used and being in reproductive age affect gynecological cancer awareness. Postmenopausal women need information about gynecological cancer awareness.