“…Polling indicates that 77% of all U.S. adults own a smartphone, and 92% of those aged 18 to 29 own a smartphone (Pew Research Center, 2017). There is considerable research on psychology and behavior related to cell phone use, though most of the literature is based on survey studies and experience sampling applications (for reviews, see: Elhai et al, 2017;Rosen, Whaling, Carrier, Cheever, & Rokkum, 2013). For example, college students in the Midwestern USA reported using cell phones an average of 290 minutes (nearly five hours) per day (Lepp, Li, Barkley, & Salehi-Esfahani, 2015).…”