Problematic Smartphone Use, Deep and Surface Approaches to Learning, and Social Media Use in Lectures

Abstract

Several studies have shown that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is related to detrimental outcomes, such as worse psychological well-being, higher cognitive distraction, and poorer academic outcomes. In addition, many studies have shown that PSU is strongly related to social media use. Despite this, the relationships between PSU, as well as the frequency of social media use in lectures, and different approaches to learning have not been previously studied. In our study, we hypothesized that both PSU and the frequency of social media use in lectures are negatively correlated with a deep approach to learning (defined as learning for understanding) and positively correlated with a surface approach to learning (defined as superficial learning). The study participants were 415 Estonian university students aged 19–46 years (78.8% females; age M = 23.37, SD = 4.19); the effective sample comprised 405 participants aged 19–46 years (79.0% females; age M = 23.33, SD = 4.21). In addition to basic socio-demographics, participants were asked about the frequency of their social media use in lectures, and they filled out the Estonian Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Estonian Revised Study Process Questionnaire. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that PSU and the frequency of social media use in lectures were negatively correlated with a deep approach to learning and positively correlated with a surface approach to learning. Mediation analysis showed that social media use in lectures completely mediates the relationship between PSU and approaches to learning. These results indicate that the frequency of social media use in lectures might explain the relationships between poorer academic outcomes and PSU.

The Current Status and a New Approach for Chinese Doctors to Obtain Medical Knowledge Using Social Media: A Study of WeChat

“…However, only 23.97% of them were satisfied with acquiring medical knowledge through the Internet. It is noteworthy that, in this study, 19 time. It has become an important supplement for the doctors to obtain medical knowledge.…”

“…Doctors are a part of the large community of WeChat users, and many researchers have noted this phenomenon. Medical education by social media has been accepted by doctors around the world [5,[17][18][19]. In recent years, an increasing number of studies on emerging social media in the medical field, from mobile phone texts to Twitter, Facebook, and microblogs, have been reported [20][21][22].…”

The Smartphone as a Pedagogic Tool. Student Profiles as related to its Use and Knowledge

“…Nevertheless, in light of the results presented previously, it is necessary to reflect upon the scarce percentage of students found in the "High degree of knowledge and academic use of the Smartphone" profile, and the limitations of the use of the Smartphone as a pedagogic tool in line with research studies conducted by Carbonell et al (2018), Kibona and Mgaya (2015) and Rozgonjuk et al (2018), in order to overcome the belief that the new generations per se belong to the generation of "Digital Natives", just as previously discussed. This reality encourages the development of different training trajectories that are adjusted to the needs of each group that will allow them to take advantage of the multiple possibilities offered by the new technologies, at the academic as well as the personal levels.…”

“…Kibona and Mgaya (2015), additionally Carbonell, Chamarro, Oberst, Rodrigo, and Padres (2018), point to the use of social networks as a problem for the student's learning. Along the same lines, Rozgonjuk, Saal, and Täht (2018), highlight how the use of social networks favors a superficial focus on learning, which has negative repercussions for academic results. However, Razzaq, Samiha, and Anshari (2018), offer a more optimistic view, pointing to the multiple possibilities offered by smartphones for students for conducting their academic activities, pointing to the importance of the selfefficiency perceived by the students, the use they give to the tool and their knowledge about it, as a few of the key concepts that determine the greater or lesser success of its pedagogic use.…”

Addiction of smart phone and its health implications

“…There are relatively few studies available on smartphone addiction. The growing number of users of the smart devises in schools and colleges is a serious health concern [1][2]. Students use smartphones in classrooms, leisure hours specially at night, in bed before going to sleep.…”