Problematic use of social media: The influence of social environmental forces and the mediating role of copresence

Social pressures and their impact on smartphone use stickiness and use habit among adolescents

“…We developed a theoretical model to explain how external institutional pressures influence smartphone overuse based on the literature on institutional theory [ 26 , 27 ] and systems usage. Extending the findings of Zhang et al [ 28 ] that institutional pressures drive problematic use of social media, we propose that institutional pressures play roles in smartphone usage (before-addiction), creating a study that holds significant value within the context of China. According to the newest Hofstede national culture index (2015), China's power distance index is 80, which is much higher than the global national average of 60 [ 29 ].…”

“…Mimetic Pressure. Following the prior studies [ 27 , 28 ], this construct was measured in terms of the perceived extent to which competitors have benefited from using smartphones. At time 1, students completed the 3-item mimetic pressure questionnaire [ 28 ].…”

“…In digitalization, mimetic pressures are prevalent due to the widespread use of smartphones by those around adolescents [ 28 , 71 ], such as classmates and friends. As a result of similarities in age groups, social circles, and life contexts, the use of mobile applications such as social media by peers can lead to increased smartphone usage among adolescents.…”

“…Therefore, under the influence of mimetic pressure, individuals are more prone to use social media in ways similar to others. This imitation and conformity can lead to dependence on social media and the overuse of smartphones, especially if the user's needs are met, or if they receive expected or unexpected rewards [ 28 ].…”

“…In this context, “coercion” refers to the pressure on adolescents to use smartphones for various tasks and activities in different situations, such as attending online classes, checking in online, participating in online surveys, e-learning, and connecting with family members. Under coercion, individuals are required to spend more time using smartphones in order to meet organizational or environmental requirements and norms [ 28 , 81 ].…”