Problems associated with tuberculosis and brucellosis skin-test methods in northern Cameroon

Martrenchar, Arnaud; Njanpop, B.M.; YaYa, Aboubakar; Njoya, Aboubakar; Tulasne, Jean-Jacques

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(93)90115-a

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, continuous close contact between animals (due to increasing animal and human population densities and limited pasture for grazing), also played roles in the higher prevalence rates recorded in the western highlands. The lower SICCT-BT prevalence rate in the Adamawa plateaux (2.57%) is in agreement with Martrenchar et al (1993) who recorded 2.7% in a trial in the neighbouring Northern and Far Northern regions of Cameroon. The Adamawa plateaux and Northern regions of Cameroon are characterised by lower population densities, abundant natural pasture and lower herd-herd (animalanimal) contacts.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosis Based On Tuberculin Skin Tsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Also, the SIT-BT prevalence rate recorded in the Adamawa region in this study (6.89%), was lower than the 10.6% reported in the neighbouring Northern and Far Northern regions (Martrenchar et al 1993). As for the Northwest region, the SIT-BT prevalence rate of 14% was lower than the 26% reported earlier in the peri-urban centre of Bamenda on a sample of exotic breeds (Muchaal 2002), their crosses and some local zebus with no observed positive test responses among the zebus.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosis Based On Tuberculin Skin Tcontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…The existence of bovine TB had been established in the country (Doufissa 1993;Martrenchar et al 1993;Muchaal 2002;Awah-Ndukum et al 2005), and the diagnostic accuracy of the tuberculin tests was assumed to be constant across the regions. However, due to the lack of TST accuracy data for the exact Cameroon environments, the sensitivity [100% (95% CI: 59.8-100%)] and specificity [90.9% (95% CI: 69.4-98.4%)] of the findings obtained by in similar tropical conditions in Ethiopia were used to correct the observed rates of SICCT-BT reactors.…”

Section: Management Of Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, political and socio-economic constraints as well as a lack of attention in developing and poor countries like Cameroon are significantly hampering routine tuberculin testing and the elimi-nation of infected cattle, which has proved very effective in eradicating bovine TB in most developed countries (Gilbert et al 2005;Abernethy et al 2006;Good 2006). There are scant reports approximating the prevalence of bovine TB based on the TST of live cattle in Cameroon (Merlin and Tsangueu 1985;Tanya et al 1985;Martrenchar et al 1993;Nfi and Ndi 1997;Muchaal 2002). The epidemiology of bovine TB and its implications on livestock productivity and risks to human health are largely unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle

Awah-Ndukum¹,

Kudi²,

Bradley³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an important neglected zoonosis in Cameroon, where many communities depend on their livestock for livelihood and the incidence of human TB and TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection are high and increasing annually. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine TB in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon. The magnitude and trend of detecting TB lesions in slaughtered cattle (1994 to 2010) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 2853 cattle (84 herds) of 39 livestock rearing communities were analysed. Of 129 165 slaughtered cattle inspected, 599 (0.46%; 95% CI: 0.43%-0.50%) showed suspected TB lesions among a total of 983 (0.76%; 95% CI: 0.71%-0.81%) identified pathologies. The monthly TB detection rates ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.20%-0.40%) to 0.81% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.98%) and annual rates from 0.04% (95% CI: 0%-0.11%) to 1.46% (95% CI: 1.22%-1.69%). The rates were not affected (P < 0.05) by season and fluctuating peaks were also recorded. The comparative TST revealed that bovine TB was widely distributed in live cattle (4.67%; 95% CI: 3.89%-5.44%) and was higher (χ 2 = 17.50, P ≤ 0.001) in the Western highlands than Adamawa plateaux.Comparative TST bovine TB reactors were higher (P < 0.05) in cattle managed in semi-intensive and beef production systems compared to the others. Animals in small herds showed higher (χ 2 = 4.283, P = 0.038) rates than those in large herds. Bovine TB prevalence in exotic/upgraded cattle was comparable to that of the Red Bororo zebu but higher than the rates in Guadali (χ 2 = 4.971, P = 0.026) and White Fulani (χ 2 = 5.6, P = 0.018) zebus.Among the indigenous zebus, the rate was higher in Red Bororo than the Guadali (χ 2 = 6.244, P = 0.012) and White Fulani (χ 2 = 6.568, P = 0.010). Sex did not influence (χ 2 = 0.410, P = 0.522) bovine TB prevalence in this study but diagnosis of the disease was higher (χ 2 = 5.787; P = 0.016) among adult/older cattle than in younger animals. Further analysis of the TST responses revealed that atypical mycobacterial infections was widespread and 6.83% of tested animals showed positive reactions at both bovine and avian tuberculin injection sites and a strong association (χ 2 = 2.512; P = 0.113) between skin responses to both tuberculins. The study confirms that bovine TB is prevalent in live cattle and meat production abattoirs in Cameroon and we recommend strict a interpretation of TST results for maximum diagnosis of the disease in the local environment. A need for comprehensive investigation of the molecular epidemiology, zoonotic risks and the public health importance of bovine TB in Cameroon cannot be overemphasised.

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Section: Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosis Based On Tuberculin Skin Tsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosis Based On Tuberculin Skin Tcontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Management Of Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle

Awah-Ndukum¹,

Kudi²,

Bradley³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Thus, the pre-vaccination withdrawal from breeding of most of the infected animals simultaneously maximises vaccine herd immunity while reducing herd exposure to infection leading to the rapid elimination of brucellosis from an infected herd. The relative BST sensitivity of 42.9% observed in this study (Table 2) fell within the range reported for other studies [3,7,22,24,30]. The apparent variation in the observed relative BST sensitivity between studies may in part be attributed to the different reference standard definition of an infected animal.…”

Section: Evaluating the Brucellin Skin Test As An Additional Test To supporting

confidence: 71%

Evaluating the Brucellin Skin Test as an Additional Test to Control Bovine Brucellosis

Nyanhongo¹

2017

SOJMID

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Brucellosis is a bacterial disease of high veterinary importance, besides being a significant zoonosis worldwide. It is characterised by variable, and at times long and latent, incubation periods, which makes its control and eradication a challenging effort. No single test is able to identify all stages of the disease with high sensitivity. The brucellin skin test, which has been proved to identify some acute and chronic latent stages of brucellosis, has not been validated in South Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the brucellin skin test in brucellosis free, as well as confirmed infected cattle herds, under South African commercial farming conditions. The results indicate that the brucellin skin test has a high specificity (99.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 98.1% -99.7%)), and that despite a relatively low sensitivity (42.9 % (95% CI: 30.5% -56.0%)), it was able to identify all the infected herds and detect more infected heifers in infected herds when compared to the routinely used Rose Bengal Test and Complement Fixation Test. It was concluded that the brucellin skin test could be used in parallel with serological tests to improve the sensitivity of the current diagnostic strategy in chronically infected herds where eradication of the disease has proven problematic. Removal of more infected heifers would decrease infection pressure and streamline vaccination towards heifers not exposed to Brucella abortus.

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The Status of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cameroon

Awah-Ndukum

Egbe

Ngwa

2019

Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective

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Problems associated with tuberculosis and brucellosis skin-test methods in northern Cameroon

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle

Evaluating the Brucellin Skin Test as an Additional Test to Control Bovine Brucellosis

The Status of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cameroon

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