Problems Encountered in Fluctuating Flame Temperature Measurements by Thermocouple

Yılmaz, Nadir; Gill, Walter; Donaldson, A.B.; Lucero, Ralph E.

doi:10.3390/s8127882

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These are due to the temperature and the velocity dependences of the TC time constant. A study [29] emphasised the ability of the 250-lm-diameter thermocouple to capture the flame pulsations up to a rate of 10 Hz. This means that the effective time constant of the TC in flames is lower than 0.1 s. Furthermore, when using thermocouples in flames, some errors may be due to the radiative heat losses.…”

Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network with Low Cost and Low Energy Consumption for Fire Detection and Monitoring

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may offer the opportunity to eliminate most of the extension cables and wires in digital systems, allowing operation far from any infrastructure. This opportunity coincides with a great increase in cost-effectiveness in an overall fire detection and monitoring system for forests, buildings or industrial sites. Our purpose is to evaluate this opportunity. After presenting the three main technologies for wireless communications to non experts, we retained the Zigbee protocol for this study. We then investigated whether the use of a WSN with this protocol is valuable for measuring heat quantities during a fire spreading over a vegetation fuel bed. Experiments are performed under both lab scale indoor and real outdoor conditions. The method consists of comparing temperatures and radiant heat fluxes gained with the wireless technology with those recorded at the same location through a wired data acquisition system. Delays due to the wireless radio communications are identified and explained. We also observe information loss for measurements performed in the fire front. Finally, we highlight that fires can be detected satisfactorily by WSN equipment in indoor and outdoor conditions. However, we also show that measurement accuracy obtained from wired systems cannot be obtained with the present wireless technology, and we do not recommend their use at the present time for fire monitoring and mitigation.

show abstract

Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network with Low Cost and Low Energy Consumption for Fire Detection and Monitoring

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the burning process, a large amount of energy is released and distributed unevenly. In the flame there are also radiation losses, temperature field distortions and thermocouple inertia [3,4]. Additional sources of measurement accuracy are present in the flame: soot, liquid drops, solid crystals particles etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gas Fire Temperature Measurement for Detection of an Object’s Presence on Top of the Burner

Milecki

Rybarczyk

2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article covers the topic of temperature measurement on top of a gas burner fire in order to recognize pot removal from a gas burner and subsequently, to cut off the gas supply. The possibility of applying a factory-mounted thermocouple was investigated with the assumption that its output signal could be used to detect the presence of a pot on a gas burner. However, the characteristic of such a thermocouple is not fully linear and as the research has shown that such a thermocouple would not fit enough for the assumed purpose, thus another sensor needs to be used. Therefore, in this paper, the linear thermocouple and IR diode are used. The best localizations of theses sensors were investigated in order to obtain a signal suitable for the pot presence recognition over the burner. These investigations are supported by the use of an infrared camera. In the investigations, the temperature changes also caused by casual air blast or caused by increasing and decreasing the valve opening are recorded and analyzed. Finally, the changes of the thermocouple’s signals are used as an input signal to propose an algorithm for pot absence recognition over the burner. The microprocessor-based circuit with a control unit for detection of the pot absence is designed, built and investigated.

show abstract

“…Because of their multiple advantages of low cost, robustness and easily standardization, thermocouples are the most frequently used sensors for temperature measurement. They can measure a wide range of temperatures and have long-term stability and high reliability [ 3 , 4 ]. However, the major problems of this sensor for signals conditioning are the cold junction compensation and linearization of the transfer relationship between temperature and output voltage [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because these calibration equations are higher order polynomial equations, Sarma and Boruan [ 6 ] suggested that the whole temperature range can be divided into smaller ranges, with lower degree polynomial calibrations being used for each range [ 4 ], but the literature contains no reports of any applications of this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous studies, the curves of the relationship of temperature and output voltage were divided into many pieces. Each piece of these curves was assumed as a linear relationship, however, the residual plots of each piece still indicated nonlinear results [ 4 , 7 , 13 ]. The linear equation should not be the only choice for establishing of calibration equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Piecewise Polynomial Equations for Two Types of Thermocouples

Chen

2013

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermocouples are the most frequently used sensors for temperature measurement because of their wide applicability, long-term stability and high reliability. However, one of the major utilization problems is the linearization of the transfer relation between temperature and output voltage of thermocouples. The linear calibration equation and its modules could be improved by using regression analysis to help solve this problem. In this study, two types of thermocouple and five temperature ranges were selected to evaluate the fitting agreement of different-order polynomial equations. Two quantitative criteria, the average of the absolute error values |e|ave and the standard deviation of calibration equation estd, were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of these calibrations equations. The optimal order of polynomial equations differed with the temperature range. The accuracy and precision of the calibration equation could be improved significantly with an adequate higher degree polynomial equation. The technique could be applied with hardware modules to serve as an intelligent sensor for temperature measurement.

show abstract

Problems Encountered in Fluctuating Flame Temperature Measurements by Thermocouple

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network with Low Cost and Low Energy Consumption for Fire Detection and Monitoring

Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network with Low Cost and Low Energy Consumption for Fire Detection and Monitoring

The Gas Fire Temperature Measurement for Detection of an Object’s Presence on Top of the Burner

Evaluation of Piecewise Polynomial Equations for Two Types of Thermocouples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About