Problems in Anatomic Analysis of Lesions of the Median Longitudinal Fasciculus

Christoff, Nicholas; Anderson, Paul J.; Nathanson, M; Bender, Morris B.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090057007

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The signals for conjugate eye movements relayed in abducens neurons are conveyed through the internuclear pathway to medial rectus motoneurons of the opposite side, thereby facilitating the performance of ipsiversive horizontal eye movements. In accordance with the physiological role of abducens internuclear neurons, lesions of the medial longitudinal fascicle prevent nasally directed movements of the ipsilateral eye past the midline, a syndrome called internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Christoff et al, 1960;Carpenter and McMasters, 1963;Evinger et al, 1977;Highstein, 1977;Highstein and Baker, 1978). However, medial displacement of the eye can be performed during convergence, although it is impeded during conjugate eye movements.…”

Section: Indexing Terms: Oculomotor Nuclei; Abducens Internuclear Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k in identified extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons of the cat

Pastor

et al. 1998

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Calcium-binding proteins have been shown to be excellent markers of specific neuronal populations. We aimed to characterize the expression of calcium-binding proteins in identified populations of the cat extraocular motor nuclei by means of immunohistochemistry against parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k. Abducens, medial rectus, and trochlear motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase from their corresponding muscles. Oculomotor and abducens internuclear neurons were retrogradely labeled after horseradish peroxidase injection into either the abducens or the oculomotor nucleus, respectively. Parvalbumin staining produced the highest density of immunoreactive terminals in all extraocular motor nuclei and was distributed uniformly. Around 15-20% of the motoneurons were moderately stained with antibody against parvalbumin, but their axons were heavily stained, indicating an intracellular segregation of parvalbumin. Colchicine administration increased the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive motoneurons to approximately 85%. Except for a few calbindin-immunoreactive trochlear motoneurons (1%), parvalbumin was the only marker of extraocular motoneurons. Oculomotor internuclear neurons identified from the abducens nucleus constituted a nonuniform population, because low percentages of the three types of immunostaining were observed, calbindin being the most abundant (28.5%). Other interneurons located within the boundaries of the oculomotor nucleus were mainly calbindin-immunoreactive. The medial longitudinal fascicle contained numerous parvalbumin- and calretinin-immunoreactive but few calbindin-immunoreactive axons. The majority of abducens internuclear neurons projecting to the oculomotor nucleus (80.7%) contained calretinin. Moreover, the distribution of calretinin-immunoreactive terminals in the oculomotor nucleus overlapped that of the medial rectus motoneurons and matched the anterogradely labeled terminal field of the abducens internuclear neurons. Parvalbumin immunostained 42% of the abducens internuclear neurons. Colocalization of parvalbumin and calretinin was demonstrated in adjacent semithin sections, although single-labeled neurons were also observed. Therefore, calretinin is proven to be a good marker of abducens internuclear neurons. From all of these data, it is concluded that parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k selectively delineate certain neuronal populations in the oculomotor system and constitute valuable tools for further analysis of oculomotor function under normal and experimental conditions.

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Section: Indexing Terms: Oculomotor Nuclei; Abducens Internuclear Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k in identified extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons of the cat

Pastor

et al. 1998

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…In addition there are nystagmus on upward gaze, as well as bilateral partial ptosis. Lesions of the MLF do not cause paralysis of conjugate horizontal or vertical gaze 7 . Upgaze palsy, downgaze palsy, complete vertical gaze palsy and vertical saccade for both upward and downward gaze have been known to be related to bilateral lesions involving the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (RiMLF) cell group and the posterior commissure 5,13 .…”

Section: The Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (Pprf)mentioning

confidence: 89%

The "one-and-a-half" syndrome: case report

Maranhão-Filho¹,

Lopes²,

Vincent³

1996

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-The authors describe a case of a ten-year-old boy with one-and-a-half syndrome secondary to a lesion at the dorsal tegmentum in the lower pons, and comment on the horizontal gaze physiology.KEY-WORDS: one-and-a-half syndrome, pons tegmentum, horizontal eye movements.Sindrome "one-and-a-half': relato de caso RESUMO -Os autores descrevem o caso de um menino de dez anos de idade com sindrome "one-and-a-half" secundária a lesão no tegmento dorsal da porção inferior da ponte e comentam aspectos acerca da fisiologia da motilidade ocular conjugada horizontal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sindrome "one-and-a-half, tegmento pontino, movimento ocular horizontal.The "one -and-a-half' syndrome 9 (OAHS) is an ocular movement disorder characterized by lateral gaze palsy to one direction associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) to the opposite direction. In the present report a ten-year-old boy suffering from OAHS caused by a lesion at the dorsal tegmentum in the lower pons is described. Anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of this relatively rare syndrome are discussed. CASE REPORTRAP, a ten-year-old black boy, was apparently healthy until August 1995 when his mother noticed an abnormal cephalic posture. His head tended to bend towards the left side. One month later she observed that his mouth was deviated to the right and his left eye could not close completely. There was no history of headache, seizures, vertigo, vomiting, disgeusia, hipoacusia, blurred vision or diplopia. He was otherwise healthy and had had a normal childhood. His six brothers, father and mother were also normal. The general physical examination was unremarkable. On the neurological examination the head was tilted to the left side, and there was a left peripheral-type facial palsy with Bell's sign. Ocular examination disclosed paralysis of the left horizontal gaze. Horizontal gaze to opposite direction showed weakness of the adducting eye and monocular nystagmus of the abducting eye (Fig 1). There were no ptosis, exotropia or esotropia. Pursuit movements were preserved both upwards and downwards. The pupils were 3 mm in diameter, and reactive to light. Convergence was preserved and the other cranial nerves were normal. An MR scan showed a Tl-weighted (T1W) hypointensity area at the dorsal lower tegmentum of the pons with contrast enhancement (Fig 2). A spinal tap showed CSF with IS cells/

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“…A lesion of the MLF in man causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia with the deficient adduction homolaterally, as far as can be judged from the few verified cases that have been reported (8, 9,12,21,24). However, some of these cases are inconclusive, because the lesions were multiple or included structures adjacent to the MLF.…”

Section: O M M E N T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia and Paralysis of Horizontal Gaze

Enoksson¹

1965

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Problems in Anatomic Analysis of Lesions of the Median Longitudinal Fasciculus

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Localization of parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k in identified extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons of the cat

Localization of parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin D-28k in identified extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons of the cat

The "one-and-a-half" syndrome: case report

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia and Paralysis of Horizontal Gaze

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