Problems in the Integration of Intermittent Sources into Utility Production Costing Models
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Preface Factors Relevant to Utility Integration of Intermittent RenewableTechnologies is a study and literature review looking at various factors relevant to the integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies into electric systems. The three topics covered in this report are interface factors, operability/stability factors, and planning factors that electric utilities have to address before large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies can take place. The purpose is to assess the state of knowledge of these factors and their relative significance today, and thus provide guidance to analysts in their evaluation of technologies and to researchers in their pursuit of tools and strategies to define and mitigate potential impacts.This report is one of a series of analyses being undertaken by the Analytic Studies Division of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to provide insights into issues pertinent to renewable energy research and development activities. The Office of Utility Technologies of the Department of Energy funded this study.The authors are indebted to many people who reviewed the draft of this report and offered helpful comments. We especially want thank Joe Iannucci of Pacific Gas and Electric Company for his comments and valuable suggestions. Executive Summary ObjectiveThis study of the factors relevant to integrating intermittent renewable technologies into utility systems is one of a series of analyses being undertaken to provide insights into issues pertinent to renewable energy research and development activities. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of knowledge of various factors that utilities must address in integrating intermittent renewable technologies, such as windor solar-based systems, into utility power-supply systems.Past studies indicated that utilities have concerns about the substantial differences between intermittent renewable technologies and conventional sources of utility power supply. These issues and concerns can impede the deployment of renewable technologies in utility systems if questions remain unanswered or technologies appear detrimental to standard utility operations. The goal of this study is to assess the relative significance of these concerns today and thus guide analysts in their evaluation of various technologies and researchers in their pursuit of tools and strategies to define or mitigate impacts.Integration studies from the late 1970s and early 1980s provide a starting point for assessing relevant issues, but these older studies have not been consolidated into a consistent data base nor updated to today's higher standards of analytic capability. Many recent studies have added to the knowledge base of renewable technology integration issues. In addition, significant changes have taken place in the utility marketplace regarding regulatory practices, energy and environmental policies, the resource selection process, and the development of non-utility generators. These changes have altered the type and lev...
Preface Factors Relevant to Utility Integration of Intermittent RenewableTechnologies is a study and literature review looking at various factors relevant to the integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies into electric systems. The three topics covered in this report are interface factors, operability/stability factors, and planning factors that electric utilities have to address before large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies can take place. The purpose is to assess the state of knowledge of these factors and their relative significance today, and thus provide guidance to analysts in their evaluation of technologies and to researchers in their pursuit of tools and strategies to define and mitigate potential impacts.This report is one of a series of analyses being undertaken by the Analytic Studies Division of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to provide insights into issues pertinent to renewable energy research and development activities. The Office of Utility Technologies of the Department of Energy funded this study.The authors are indebted to many people who reviewed the draft of this report and offered helpful comments. We especially want thank Joe Iannucci of Pacific Gas and Electric Company for his comments and valuable suggestions. Executive Summary ObjectiveThis study of the factors relevant to integrating intermittent renewable technologies into utility systems is one of a series of analyses being undertaken to provide insights into issues pertinent to renewable energy research and development activities. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of knowledge of various factors that utilities must address in integrating intermittent renewable technologies, such as windor solar-based systems, into utility power-supply systems.Past studies indicated that utilities have concerns about the substantial differences between intermittent renewable technologies and conventional sources of utility power supply. These issues and concerns can impede the deployment of renewable technologies in utility systems if questions remain unanswered or technologies appear detrimental to standard utility operations. The goal of this study is to assess the relative significance of these concerns today and thus guide analysts in their evaluation of various technologies and researchers in their pursuit of tools and strategies to define or mitigate impacts.Integration studies from the late 1970s and early 1980s provide a starting point for assessing relevant issues, but these older studies have not been consolidated into a consistent data base nor updated to today's higher standards of analytic capability. Many recent studies have added to the knowledge base of renewable technology integration issues. In addition, significant changes have taken place in the utility marketplace regarding regulatory practices, energy and environmental policies, the resource selection process, and the development of non-utility generators. These changes have altered the type and lev...
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