Problems of Heat Transfer in Lake Vanda, a Density Stratified Antarctic Lake

Hoare, R. A.

doi:10.1038/210787a0

Cited by 99 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Several such cases have been studied. The first was Lake Vanda in Antarctica (Hoare, 1966;Shirtcliffe and Calhaem, 1968;Hoare, 1968;Huppert and Turner, 1972). Soon after, DL signatures were found in Powell Lake, a remnant fjord off British Columbia (Osborn, 1973), and in Lake Kivu in Africa (Newman, 1976).…”

Section: Lakes and Trenchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection

Kelley

Fernando

Gargett

et al. 2003

Progress in Oceanography

171

187

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The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection is reviewed, with a particular focus on issues that are holding up the development of large-scale parameterizations. Some of these issues, such as interfacial transports and layer-interface interactions, may be studied in isolation. Laboratory work should help with these. However, we must also face more difficult matters that relate to oceanic phenomena that are not easily represented in the laboratory. These lie beneath some fundamental questions about how double-diffusive structures are formed in the ocean, and how they evolve in the competitive ocean environment.

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Section: Lakes and Trenchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection

Kelley

Fernando

Gargett

et al. 2003

Progress in Oceanography

171

187

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“…Field observations have been described at first in the ocean at mid and low latitudes where the salt finger regime dominates, and to lesser extent to high latitudes where the diffusive regime occurs. Soon, double diffusion and the step-like structure of the associated salt and temperature profiles were also described in lakes (Hoare, 1966;Newman, 1976). The precondition for the occurrence of diffusive layering in lakes are a density stratified water column stabilized by dissolved or suspended matter and, at the same time, a destabilizing temperature gradient, in the respective depth regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for double diffusion in temperate meromictic lakes

Rohden

Boehrer

Ilmberger

2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We present CTD-measurements from two shallow meromictic mining lakes. The lakes, which differ in size and depth, show completely different seasonal mixing patterns in their mixolimnia. However, the measurements document the occurrence of similar seasonal convective mixing in discrete layers within their monimolimnia. This mixing is induced by double diffusion and can be identified by the characteristic step-like structure of the temperature and electrical conductivity profiles. The steps develop in the upper part of the monimolimnion, when in autumn cooling mixolimnion temperatures have dropped below temperatures of the underlying monimolimnion. The density gradient across the chemocline due to solutes overcompensates the destabilizing temperature gradient, and moreover, keeps the vertical transport close to molecular level. In conclusion, preconditions for double diffusive effects are given on a seasonal basis. At in general high local stabilities N 2 in the monimolimnia of 10 −4 −10 −2 s −2 , the stability ratio R ρ was in the range of 1-20. This quantitatively indicates that double diffusion can become visible. Between 1 and 6 sequent steps, with sizes between 1 dm and 1 m, were visually identified in the CTDprofiles. In the lower monimolimnion of the deeper lake, the steps systematically emerge at a time delay of more than half a year, which matches with the progression of the mixolimnetic temperature changes into the monimolimnion. In none of the lakes, the chemocline interface is degraded by these processes. However, double diffusive convection is essential for the redistribution of solutes in the inner parts of the monimolimnion at longer time scales, which is crucial for the assessment of the ecologic development of such lakes.

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“…The water temperature increases gradually with depth and reaches the highest value of 24.5 to 25.7°C at the bottom layer in spite of the mean annual air temperature of about -200C (WILSON and W ELLMAN, 1962;RAGOTZKIE and LIKENO, 1964;HOARE 1966;TORII et al, 1967;YOSHIDA et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

et al. 1975

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Abstract-Possible origins of lake water, salts dissolved in water of a saline lake , Lake Vanda, those contained in cored sediments of the lake and those distributed on the ground surface in the adjacent area were investigated on the basis of the stable isotope compositions, 13C/12C, 180/160 and 34S/325 .The lake water is concluded to be neither marine nor volcanic in origin but surface fresh water such as glacial melt water, because of the low 8180 values ranging from -30.3 to -31.9%0. On the other hand, sulfate in lake water and in cored sediments from Lake Vanda shows 834S values similar to that of sea water sulfate. Therefore, it is supposed to be marine in origin.Salts distributed on the ground surface near the lake consist mainly of calcite, gypsum, thenardite, sodium niter and halite. The isotopic compositions of carbonate and sulfate minerals range from -14.4 to +17.6%o for 813C and from -0.4 to +22.3%o for 81,10 of calcite and from +14.1 to +20.3 %o for 834S of gypsum. From the isotopic compositions of calcite and gypsum, three different origins, hydrothermal, marine and marine aerosol are considered according to their occurrences and localities. Salts distributed in this area , however, do not constitute the source for those contained in Lake Vanda .The genesis and historical events of the saline lake also were examined. The lake was once a fjord containing sea water and was isolated from the ocean by glaciation after the Tertiary. After the isolation of the lake from the ocean, evaporation of lake water in cold climate and supply of glacial melt water in warm climate have alternately taken place several times.

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Problems of Heat Transfer in Lake Vanda, a Density Stratified Antarctic Lake

Cited by 99 publications

References 4 publications

The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection

The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection

Evidence for double diffusion in temperate meromictic lakes

Stable isotope studies on the origin and geological history of water and salts in the Lake Vanda area, Antarctica.

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