Problems of Irrigation Canals and Modern Methods of Their Technical Improvement due to Innovative Concrete Materials and Technologies

Abdrazakov, Fyarid Kinzhaevich; Rukavishnikov, Andrey Alekseevich; Khalmetov, A. A.; Povarov, A. V.

doi:10.2991/isees-19.2019.73

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Эффективность и правильность работы системы вентиляции помещений многоквартирных жилых домов оказывает прямое влияние на обеспечение комфортности и безопасности проживания в них людей. По данным АО «Саратовгаз» в 2017 году в г. Саратове 61 человек пострадал от отравления угарным газом, в 2018 г. пострадало от отравления угарным газом 54 человека, из них 21 человекпо причине отсутствия тяги и наличия обратной тяги в вентиляционных каналах при применении газоиспользующего оборудования [1].…”

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“…Район эксплуатации -г. Саратов. Здание расположено в жилой застройке с уровнем транспортного шума у фасада LA2м=53 дБА [1]. Оконные и дверные балконные блоки выполнены из ПВХ-профилей с двухкамерными стеклопакетами.…”

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“…Система вентиляции дома -естественная, с неорганизованным притоком воздуха через не плотности ограждающих конструкций и организованным удалением воздуха через вытяжные вентиляционные каналы, расположенные на кухне и в санузле [1,3]. Каждый вертикальный вытяжной вентиляционный канал квартир имеет два ствола, по одному осуществляется транзит воздуха из кухонь, по другому -из санузла и ванной комнаты.…”

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“…-январь 2019 г.). В холодный период года измерения показателей микроклимата проводились при температуре наружного воздуха не выше минус 5 °С при наличии облачности [1].…”

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“…Применяемые при исследовании системы вентиляции и определения параметров микроклимата помещений квартир приборы и оборудование: измеритель параметров микроклимата «МЕТЕОСКОП -М», Пирометр «ADA TemPro 550», анемометр крыльчатый «Testo 410-1», рулетка, штангенциркуль, фотоаппарат (рис. 3) [1,4] Было установлено, что отсутствие нормальной тяги в системе вентиляции исследованных квартир связано изначально с тем, что расчет системы вентиляции с естественным побуждением по проекту строительства домов серии 114-85 был выполнен для открытого режима (tн=5 о С), т. е. при открытых форточках или створках. Проектом запрещалось заклеивать форточки или узкие створки окон, заделывать щели под дверями в санузлы и кухни (0,02 м), устанавливать в вентиляционные каналы вентиляторы в квартирах с 1 по 7 этажи.…”

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Research Efficiency of Natural Ventilation System of Apartment Building

Abdrazakov¹,

Povarov²

2019

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University Named After. V. G. Shukhov

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The analysis of existing research in the field of ventilation systems is performed and the current shortcomings of the ventilation systems of secondary apartment houses of series 114–85 are identified. The instability of the natural ventilation system of an apartment building characterized by variable air exchange and overturning ventilation in the ventilation ducts is demonstrated. Field studies of the natural ventilation system efficiency of an apartment house series 114–85 located in Saratov are carried out. According to the research results, the absence of traction and the presence of reverse traction in the exhaust ducts of the ventilation system are revealed. The initial reason for the lack of normal traction in the ventilation system associated with its calculation in the project of building a house series 114-85 for open mode operation is stablished. The increased tightness of windows and doors of apartments is determined, resulting in a reversed traction and the impossibility of uniform distribution of air vertically of the house, therefore installing only the exhaust system of the natural ventilation of an apartment building is inefficient. It is established that the ventilation channel in the kitchen is constantly working to extract air from the premises of the apartments, since the bathroom door is tightly closed that does not correspond to the normative indicators. The analysis of ventilation system on the example of three-bedroom apartments shows the need for additional supply devices for controlled flow of outside air into the premises of apartments. The use of supply wall valves of KIV-125 brand and window ventilation valves of Air Box Comfort brand is provided. A methodology of selection the modern, highly efficient energy saving models of turbo ventilators is presented, increasing traction in exhaust ventilation ducts at 40 % and independent of direction and wind gusts.

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Research Efficiency of Natural Ventilation System of Apartment Building

Abdrazakov¹,

Povarov²

2019

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University Named After. V. G. Shukhov

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Intensification of melioration through decreasing maintenance load on irrigation canals

et al. 2019

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The article presents current problems of irrigation canals. We list research methods while specifying the methods and work processes used. We have schematically depicted and theoretically described the necessary operations for the construction, reconstruction and repair of irrigation canals. Additionally, we have substantiated the economic losses arising from using concrete facing materials, and proposed modern facing materials designed to solve the main issues of irrigation canals. The article demonstrates the results of work on laying concrete canvas and geosynthetic materials. We have described and clearly classified the proposed facing materials and systemically listed advantages and disadvantages of modern facing materials compared to standard concrete canvas. On the basis of the study, the technological intensification of melioration was presented by reducing the construction and maintenance load on irrigation canals. We have theoretically and visibly demonstrated the efficiency of proposed materials and mathematically proven the intensification of melioration by reducing the maintenance load on irrigation canals. The findings indicate that the use of the proposed materials should increase the performance of irrigation grids, as well as reduce the maintenance load on them.

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Improving the efficiency of circular irrigation machines based on models of neural network irrigation control

et al. 2020

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The article presents the results of studies of the operational efficiency of circular irrigation machines based on models of neural network irrigation control. Existing irrigation machines are not fully able to realize their advantages in irrigation due to the high degree of energy intensity. Traditional approaches based only on physical modeling of technical processes and relationships often make it difficult to find effective solutions. Intelligent irrigation control is essential for maximum efficiency and productivity. An approach based on a model of data mining is proposed, namely, control of a sprinkler using a neurocontroller. Most irrigation systems use ON / OFF controllers. These controllers cannot give optimal results for different time delays and different system parameters. The proposed controller based on an artificial neural network was created using MATLAB. The main modeling parameters are water pressure and speed. Neurocontrol, leads to the possible implementation of better and more effective management of irrigation machines.

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Problems of Irrigation Canals and Modern Methods of Their Technical Improvement due to Innovative Concrete Materials and Technologies

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Research Efficiency of Natural Ventilation System of Apartment Building

Research Efficiency of Natural Ventilation System of Apartment Building

Intensification of melioration through decreasing maintenance load on irrigation canals

Improving the efficiency of circular irrigation machines based on models of neural network irrigation control

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