Problems of Stream-Flow Forecasting on Tributaries of the Upper Mississippi

Barnes, Bertram S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477-21.3.95

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

1940

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477-21.3.95

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Problems of Stream-Flow Forecasting on Tributaries of the Upper Mississippi

Bertram S. Barnes

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1943

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“…It has been noted by many writers [2,6,8] that the quantity of water melted from snow by rainfall is small in comparison with other factors. This is quite true but in flood-forecasting it may not be negligible.…”

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A simple procedure for the day‐to‐day forecasting of runoff from snow‐melt

Linsley

1943

Eos Trans. AGU

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During recent years numerous methods for the prediction of rate of snow‐melt and resultant runoff have been presented [see 1, 2, 3,4 of “References” at end of paper]. Some solutions were based on thermodynamic principles. Others made use of simple empiricisms. As yet however, no procedure has completely supplanted the use of the degree‐day factor [4, 5]. The outstanding virtue of the degree‐day method is its extreme simplicity. Only records of dry‐bulb temperature are necessary to compute degree‐days and a simple multiplication by a degree‐day “factor” completes the computation of the volume of snow‐melt. The great disadvantage of the procedure is that it neglects humidity, radiation, and other factors known to influence the melting‐rates of snow. It is the purpose of this paper to outline the methods developed by the office of the Weather Bureau at Sacramento, California, for applying the degree‐day procedure to river‐forecasting in the Sacramento and San Joaquin river‐basins.

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confidence: 99%

A simple procedure for the day‐to‐day forecasting of runoff from snow‐melt

Linsley

1943

Eos Trans. AGU

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Application of the synthetic unit‐graph in the western mountain states

Linsley

1943

Eos Trans. AGU

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In 1938 F. F SNYDER [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] presented a method for synthesizing unit‐hydrographs for any basin from certain physical measurements of the basin. The writer has found the procedure to be a very convenient tool in the solution of many hydrologic problems for which approximate unit‐hydrographs are necessary. The equations and constants, presented by Snyder were developed from data for streams in the Appalachian Highlands. During the past year the writer, engaged in developing river‐forecasting methods for the Sacramento and Lower San Joaquin rivers in California, has had occasion to note that some changes in the procedure are necessary before it can be applied to streams of that area. This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine the necessary adjustments for Snyder's methods in order to make them most effective for use in the basins of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range. Although this investigation was conducted with the thought that Snyder's method could be adapted to meet the different conditions, the possibility that an entirely different approach might prove more satisfactory was not neglected. It developed that an adaptation of the original method gave only slightly less reliable results than did an entirely different, more complicated, and no more logical solution. It is felt that the simplification gained by adhering to the one procedure far outweighs the minor gain in accuracy through a major change in method.

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Problems of Stream-Flow Forecasting on Tributaries of the Upper Mississippi

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

A simple procedure for the day‐to‐day forecasting of runoff from snow‐melt

A simple procedure for the day‐to‐day forecasting of runoff from snow‐melt

Application of the synthetic unit‐graph in the western mountain states

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