Problems of the development of catalytic after-burners for the exhaust gases from automobiles and of alternative ecologically clean fuels

Крылов, О. В.; Minachev, Khabib M; Панчишный, В. И.

doi:10.1070/rc1991v060n03abeh001071

Russ. Chem. Rev.

1991

DOI: 10.1070/rc1991v060n03abeh001071

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Problems of the development of catalytic after-burners for the exhaust gases from automobiles and of alternative ecologically clean fuels

О. В. Крылов¹,

Khabib M Minachev²,

В. И. Панчишный³

Abstract: The angular distribution of the light emitted from non-granular phosphor screens is studied. This angular distribution is found to be different both from the Lambertian one and from the distribution known for granular phosphor screens. Experimental results are discussed on the basis of a plausible physical model, which takes into account the absorption and scattering of the light in the screen as well as the refraction of the light at the screen's surface.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Крылов¹,

Mamedov²

1995

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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We show that the spectral and radial distribution of the nonthermal emission of massive, M 10 14.5 M ⊙ , galaxy clusters may be approximately described by simple analytic expressions, which depend on the cluster thermal X-ray properties and on two model parameter, β core and η e . β core is the ratio of the cosmic-ray (CR) energy density (within a logarithmic CR energy interval) and the thermal energy density at the cluster core, and η e(p) is the fraction of the thermal energy generated in strong collisionless shocks, which is deposited in CR electrons (protons). Using a simple analytic model for the evolution of intra-cluster medium CRs, which are produced by accretion shocks, we find that β core ≃ η p /200, nearly independent of cluster mass and with a scatter ∆ ln β core ≃ 1 between clusters of given mass. We show that the hard X-ray (HXR) and γ-ray luminosities produced by inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons by electrons accelerated in accretion shocks (primary electrons) exceed the luminosities produced by secondary particles (generated in hadronic interactions within the cluster) by factors ≃ 500(η e /η p )(T /10keV) −1/2 and ≃ 150(η e /η p )(T /10keV) −1/2 respectively, where T is the cluster temperature. Secondary particle emission may dominate at the radio and very high energy ( 1 TeV) γ-ray bands. Our model predicts, in contrast with some earlier work, that the HXR and γ-ray emission from clusters of galaxies are extended, since the emission is dominated at these energies by primary (rather than by secondary) electrons. Our predictions are consistent with the observed nonthermal emission of the Coma cluster for η p ∼ η e ∼ 0.1. The implications of our predictions to future HXR observations (e.g. by NuStar, Simbol-X) and to (space/ground based) γ-ray observations (e.g. by Fermi, HESS, MAGIC, VERITAS) are discussed. In particular, we identify the clusters which are the best candidates for detection in γ-rays. Finally, we show that our model's results agree with results of detailed numerical calculations, and that discrepancies between the results of various numerical simulations (and between such results and our model) are due to inaccuracies in the numerical calculations.

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Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Крылов¹,

Mamedov²

1995

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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Synthesis and Activity of Nanodispersed SnO2–CeO2 Catalyst in the Oxidation Reactions of Carbon Monoxide and Methane

et al. 2021

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Catalytic Activity of Highly Dispersed Mn2O3-Bi2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 Solid Solutions (M = Nd, Sm, Gd) in the Reaction of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

et al. 2019

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Problems of the development of catalytic after-burners for the exhaust gases from automobiles and of alternative ecologically clean fuels

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Synthesis and Activity of Nanodispersed SnO2–CeO2 Catalyst in the Oxidation Reactions of Carbon Monoxide and Methane

Catalytic Activity of Highly Dispersed Mn2O3-Bi2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 Solid Solutions (M = Nd, Sm, Gd) in the Reaction of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

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