Procalcitonin and neopterin correlation with aetiology and severity of pneumonia

Prat, Cristina; Domínguez, J.; Andreo, Felipe; Blanco, Silvia; Pallarés, Ángeles; Cuchillo, F.; Ramil, Carmen; Ruiz-Manzano, Juan; Ausina, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.05.019

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Of the studies reporting a prevalence of 5% or higher, 4 of 6 were in Spain, 27,28,36,37 and a fifth, a study that also reported the highest prevalence of C pneumoniae, was set in another Mediterranean country, Israel. 40 The largest series, set in Germany, found L pneumophila in 3.7% of patients treated in ambulatory care and 3.8% of inpatients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

Marchello

Dale

Thai

et al. 2016

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute cough, bronchitis, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are often caused by infections with viruses or Streptococcus pneumoniae. The prevalence of atypical pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis among patients with these illnesses in the ambulatory setting has not been previously summarized. We set out to derive prevalence information from the existing literature. METHODSWe performed a systematic review of MEDLINE for prospective, consecutive-series studies reporting the prevalence of M pneumoniae, C pneumoniae, L pneumophila and/or B pertussis in outpatients with cough, acute bronchitis, LRTI, or CAP. Articles were independently reviewed by 2 authors for inclusion and abstraction of data; discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussion. A meta-analysis was performed on each pathogen to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates using a random effects model of raw proportions.RESULTS Fifty studies met our inclusion criteria. While calculated heterogeneity was high, most studies reported prevalence for each pathogen within a fairly narrow range. In patients with CAP, the overall prevalences of M pneumoniae and C pneumoniae were 10.1% (95% CI, 7.1%-13.1%) and 3.5% (95% CI, 2.2%-4.9%), respectively. Consistent with previous reports, M pneumoniae prevalence peaked in roughly 6-year intervals. Overall prevalence of L pneumophila was 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.4%), but the organism was rare in children, with only 1 case in 1,765. In patients with prolonged cough in primary care, the prevalence of B pertussis was 12.4% (95% CI, 4.9%-19.8%), although it was higher in studies that included only children (17.6%; 95% CI, 3.4%-31.8%).CONCLUSIONS Atypical bacterial pathogens are relatively common causes of lower respiratory diseases, including cough, bronchitis, and CAP. Where surveillance data were available, we found higher prevalences in studies where all patients are tested for these pathogens. It is likely that these conditions are underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in current clinical practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

Marchello

Dale

Thai

et al. 2016

The Annals of Family Medicine

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“…A recent study has pointed out that high serum levels of CRP, interleukin (IL)-6 or, procalcitonin (PCT) are associated with a higher risk of any treatment failure [10]. However, the introduction of newer inflammatory markers, such as PCT, IL-6 and neopterin emphasises the need to clarify the position of the older and less costly markers, such as CRP [11]. To determine the clinical relevance of consecutive CRP measurements in follow-up of antibiotic treatment in patients with severe CAP, the present study examined the predictive value of delayed normalisation of CRP levels for the risk of having received inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy or developing an unfavourable outcome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia

Bruns

Oosterheert²,

Hak

et al. 2008

Eur Respir J

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Despite the introduction of new inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) remains commonly used in patients hospitalised with severe infections. However, evidence on the usefulness of consecutive CRP measurements is still unclear. The clinical relevance of consecutive CRP measurements was studied in follow-up of antibiotic treatment in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).In a prospective multicentre trial, CRP levels were measured on admission, and on days 3 and 7. Patients were followed clinically for 28 days.Aetiology could be determined in 137 (47.4%) out of the 289 patients included. In 122 (38.8%) patients, initial antibiotic therapy was appropriate. A decline of ,60% in CRP levels in 3 days and a decline of ,90% in CRP levels in 7 days were both associated with an increased risk of having recieved inapproriate empiric antibiotic treatment (day 0-3, odds ratio (OR) 6.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-31.33 and day 0-7, OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.12-13.77).In conclusion, consecutive C-reactive protein measurements are useful in the first week in follow-up of antibiotic treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia when taking the causative microorganism and use of steroids into account. A delayed normalisation of C-reactive protein levels is associated with a higher risk of having received inappropriate antibiotic treatment.

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“…Other examples of innate markers that have been shown to be increased in Mtb infection are the soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (Walzl et al, 2008), the acute phase reactant proteins (Djoba Siawaya et al, 2008), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Eugen-Olsen et al, 2002), CXCL10/IP10 and Pentraxin 3 (Azzurri et al, 2005), and procalcitonin (Baylan et al, 2006;Kandemir et al, 2003;Nyamande and Lalloo, 2006;Prat et al, 2006;Schleicher et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Early Immune Markers In the Diagnosis mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lucas¹,

Lucas²,

Gaudieri³

2012

Understanding Tuberculosis - Global Experiences and Innovative Approaches to the Diagnosis

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Procalcitonin and neopterin correlation with aetiology and severity of pneumonia

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia

New Diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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