Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers

Wood, George; Tyler, Tom R.; Papachristos, Andrew V.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1920671117

Cited by 155 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

136

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Where it was adopted in the United Kingdom, this “policing by consent” approach (and an associated reluctance to use special powers that were granted by law, as per Lesson 1 above) was widely credited with reducing incidents of public disorder and law breaking, and with helping to consolidate a belief that police and health agencies were working with and for the communities they served, rather than against them (Carter et al., 2015, 2020; Reicher & Stott, 2020a; Stott, 2020; Wood et al., 2020). Critically too, it also contributed to the fact that compliance—and desire to comply—with relevant laws and guidelines generally stayed very high (at least until Lesson 5 was not heeded; Fancourt et al., 2020).…”

Section: Priority 3: Realize Shared Identity In Plans and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Leadership in a Crisis: A 5R Framework for Learning from Responses to COVID‐19

Haslam

Steffens

Reicher

et al. 2021

Social Issues Policy Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest global crisis of our lifetimes and leadership has been critical to societies' capacity to deal with it. Here effective leadership has brought people together, provided a clear perspective on what is happening and what response is needed, and mobilised the population to act in the most effective ways to bring the pandemic under control. Informed by a model of identity leadership (Haslam, Reicher & Platow, 2020), this review argues that leaders' ability to do these things is grounded in their ability to represent and advance the shared interests of group members and to create and embed a sense of shared social identity among them (a sense of "us-ness"). For leaders, then, this sense of us-ness is the key resource that they need to marshal in order to harness the support and energy of citizens. The review discusses examples of the successes and failures of different leaders during the pandemic and organises these around five policy priorities related to the 5Rs of identity leadership: Readying, Reflecting, Representing, Realising and Reinforcing. These priorities and associated lessons are relevant not only to the management of COVID-19 but to crisis management and leadership more generally.

show abstract

Section: Priority 3: Realize Shared Identity In Plans and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Leadership in a Crisis: A 5R Framework for Learning from Responses to COVID‐19

Haslam

Steffens

Reicher

et al. 2021

Social Issues Policy Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A key implication of our findings is that collective decision-making systems based on pooling independent decisions will often be more reliable and predictable than systems based on individual decision 11 makers. While this is important in itself, in many contexts this can be expected to have major consequences for the actual and perceived fairness of a given system (38,39). In judicial decision-making, for example, judges who differ in their response bias (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pooling decisions decreases variation in response bias and accuracy

Kurvers¹,

Herzog²,

Hertwig³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last decades, the relative benefits and costs of individual vs. collective decision-making systems have attracted ample attention in the behavioural sciences and beyond. This research however, has almost exclusively focused on accuracy as a performance criterion, neglecting another major performance dimension of decision-making systems, the variation in outcomes between decision-making agents. This is surprising as low outcome variation is a key goal in many high-stake contexts, including medical, judicial and political decision making. Employing a combined theoretical and real-world data-driven approach, we investigate how one of the most prominent systems of collective decision-making – the pooling of independent decisions using the majority rule – affects the variation in outcomes between agents. Using a general statistical argument and large-scale numerical simulations, we predict that pooling decisions robustly reduces variation in two key outcome variables: accuracy and response bias (i.e. the decision maker’s tendency towards one response or the other). We test this prediction in real-world datasets on breast and skin cancer diagnostics, fingerprint analysis, geopolitical forecasting, and a general knowledge task, encompassing more than 350 decision makers making more than 125,000 decisions. As predicted, we find that pooling decisions robustly reduces variation in accuracy and response bias. Importantly, this reduction is accompanied by an increase in accuracy, showing that pooling independent decisions can simultaneously decrease variation and increase accuracy. Thus, while outcomes in individual decision-making systems are highly variable and at the mercy of individual decision makers, pooling decisions decreases this variation, thereby promoting more predictable, reliable and fairer outcomes.

show abstract

“…This strategy would capture “reform the police,” “best police reforms,” etc as markers for general interest in policing reforms. We also monitored searches containing the term “police” with “training,” “union(s),” “militarization,” or “immunity.” These searches were selected because they have been frequently cited by experts as avenues for reforms [ 14 - 16 ], and represent public prioritization of specific policing reform topics. Search rates were monitored both at the national and state (including DC) level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Public Interest in Police Reforms by Mining Internet Search Data Following George Floyd’s Death

Ayers¹,

Althouse²,

Poliak³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The death of George Floyd while in police custody has resurfaced serious questions about police conduct that result in the deaths of unarmed persons. Objective Data-driven strategies that identify and prioritize the public’s needs may engender a public health response to improve policing. We assessed how internet searches indicative of interest in police reform changed after Mr Floyd’s death. Methods We monitored daily Google searches (per 10 million total searches) that included the terms “police” and “reform(s)” (eg, “reform the police,” “best police reforms,” etc) originating from the United States between January 1, 2010, through July 5, 2020. We also monitored searches containing the term “police” with “training,” “union(s),” “militarization,” or “immunity” as markers of interest in the corresponding reform topics. Results The 41 days following Mr Floyd’s death corresponded with the greatest number of police “reform(s)” searches ever recorded, with 1,350,000 total searches nationally. Searches increased significantly in all 50 states and Washington DC. By reform topic, nationally there were 1,220,000 total searches for “police” and “union(s)”; 820,000 for “training”; 360,000 for “immunity”; and 72,000 for “militarization.” In terms of searches for all policy topics by state, 33 states searched the most for “training,” 16 for “union(s),” and 2 for “immunity.” States typically in the southeast had fewer queries related to any police reform topic than other states. States that had a greater percentage of votes for President Donald Trump during the 2016 election searched more often for police “union(s)” while states favoring Secretary Hillary Clinton searched more for police “training.” Conclusions The United States is at a historical juncture, with record interest in topics related to police reform with variability in search terms across states. Policy makers can respond to searches by considering the policies their constituencies are searching for online, notably police training and unions. Public health leaders can respond by engaging in the subject of policing and advocating for evidence-based policy reforms.

show abstract

Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers

Cited by 155 publications

References 23 publications

Identity Leadership in a Crisis: A 5R Framework for Learning from Responses to COVID‐19

Identity Leadership in a Crisis: A 5R Framework for Learning from Responses to COVID‐19

Pooling decisions decreases variation in response bias and accuracy

Quantifying Public Interest in Police Reforms by Mining Internet Search Data Following George Floyd’s Death

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About