Procedural Learning in Schizophrenia Can Reflect the Pharmacologic Properties of the Antipsychotic Treatments

Probabilistic classification and gambling in patients with schizophrenia receiving medication: comparison of risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine and typical antipsychotics

“…Our finding that the group treated with risperidone, like the group treated with typical antipsychotics, was impaired on PCL but not the IGT is consistent with an action of risperidone in the striatum and sets risperidone apart from the other atypical antipsychotic drugs. Previous studies have shown that learning mirror drawing that relies on the striatum is impaired in schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone (Scherer et al 2004). In a prospective study, Harris et al (2009) found that first-episode drug-naïve patients subsequently treated with risperidone became impaired on a predictive saccade task.…”

“…Schizophrenia patients treated with typical antipsychotic drugs were impaired in PCL (the weather prediction task) but not the IGT, and similar patients treated with atypical antipsychotics were impaired in the IGT but not PCL, supporting a relationship between brain region affected and type of NDM impairment (Beninger et al 2003). Using different NDM tasks, others have reported similar dissociations (Purdon et al 2003;Paquet et al 2004;Scherer et al 2004).…”

“…In immediate early gene studies in animals, acute treatment with risperidone or typical antipsychotics activated Fos in the dorsolateral striatum, whereas atypical antipsychotics did not (Robertson et al 1994;Wan et al 1995;Fujimura et al 2000). In NDM studies, patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone performed similarly to patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine and better than those treated with haloperidol in some reports (Bedard et al 2000;Purdon et al 2003), but patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone had decreased overall performance compared to those treated with olanzapine or clozapine in another (Scherer et al 2004). These findings suggested the hypothesis tested here that schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone, like those treated with typical antipsychotic drugs, will be impaired on PCL but not the IGT, whereas those treated with the atypical antipsychoticss, clozapine or olanzapine, will be impaired on the IGT but not on PCL.…”

Regional Differences in the Action of Antipsychotic Drugs: Implications for Cognitive Effects in Schizophrenic Patients

“…Bedard et al (2000) employed a mirror drawing procedural memory task and reported evidence for impaired learning in schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol as compared to those treated with risperidone or clozapine. Using the same task, Scherer et al (2004) found decreased learning in haloperidol-treated patients compared to those treated with olanzapine or clozapine and decreased overall performance in the haloperidol and risperidone groups. Pourcher (2009) found that reading inverted word pairs, a procedural memory task, was more impaired in schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol compared to those treated with the atypical APD risperidone.…”

Dopamine and incentive learning: A framework for considering antipsychotic medication effects

“…In related studies, Bedard et al (2000) showed more variable learning of a procedural task in schizophrenic patients treated with typical versus atypical antipsychotics. Scherer et al (2004) used a mirror drawing procedural learning task like that employed by Milner (1962) in her studies showing that some forms of learning were intact in amnesic patients. They found decreased learning in haloperidol-treated patients compared to the olanzapine and clozapine groups and decreased overall performance in the haloperidol and risperidone groups.…”