Procedural memory in dissociative identity disorder: When can inter-identity amnesia be truly established?

Huntjens, Rafaële J. C.; Postma, Albert; Woertman, Liesbeth; Hart, Onno van der; Peters, Madelon L.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.001

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One study [59] demonstrated evidence for inter-identity amnesia, which is in line with the current findings. Other studies [60]–[65] found inter-identity transfer of newly learned non-autobiographical stimuli, even though the “amnestic” identity reported subjective amnesia for these stimuli. Several principles might explain the inconsistent findings: (i) Inter-identity amnesia may only exist for stimuli that have personal relevance for the “amnestic” identity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Several principles might explain the inconsistent findings: (i) Inter-identity amnesia may only exist for stimuli that have personal relevance for the “amnestic” identity. In the cited studies [59]–[65], it was not assessed if or to what degree the applied stimuli had autobiographical meaning for the tested “amnestic” and “mnestic” dissociative identities. Our study included traumatic memories that were subjectively autobiographical for TIS but not for NIS, and found that NIS and TIS had different subjective, psychophysiological, and neural reactions to a description of the involved traumatic memories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDissociative identity disorder (DID) is a disputed psychiatric disorder. Research findings and clinical observations suggest that DID involves an authentic mental disorder related to factors such as traumatization and disrupted attachment. A competing view indicates that DID is due to fantasy proneness, suggestibility, suggestion, and role-playing. Here we examine whether dissociative identity state-dependent psychobiological features in DID can be induced in high or low fantasy prone individuals by instructed and motivated role-playing, and suggestion.Methodology/Principal FindingsDID patients, high fantasy prone and low fantasy prone controls were studied in two different types of identity states (neutral and trauma-related) in an autobiographical memory script-driven (neutral or trauma-related) imagery paradigm. The controls were instructed to enact the two DID identity states. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the study: 11 patients with DID, 10 high fantasy prone DID simulating controls, and 8 low fantasy prone DID simulating controls. Autonomic and subjective reactions were obtained. Differences in psychophysiological and neural activation patterns were found between the DID patients and both high and low fantasy prone controls. That is, the identity states in DID were not convincingly enacted by DID simulating controls. Thus, important differences regarding regional cerebral bloodflow and psychophysiological responses for different types of identity states in patients with DID were upheld after controlling for DID simulation.Conclusions/SignificanceThe findings are at odds with the idea that differences among different types of dissociative identity states in DID can be explained by high fantasy proneness, motivated role-enactment, and suggestion. They indicate that DID does not have a sociocultural (e.g., iatrogenic) origin.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both the mean and the median number of articles published per year was 9 (M = 9.18; SD = 3.09; range, 4Y16). Several of the empirical articles contained only previously identified cases (Coons and Bowman, 2001;Dorahy et al, 2004b;Ellason and Ross, 2004;Huntjens et al, 2002Huntjens et al, , 2003Huntjens et al, , 2005bHuntjens et al, , 2006Huntjens et al, , 2007Ross et al, 2008;Ross and Ness, 2010;Ş ar et al, 2009a;Saxe et al, 2002), but 1171 new cases of DID also emerged in the literature. Among the empirical articles presenting new data, the mean number of DID cases per article was 17.34 (SD, 30.18; range, 1Y220) and the median was 9.…”

Section: Research Outputmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thirteen studies emerged in the review that contained a comparison group of people without DID who were simulating DID in some way. Nine studies found no difference between people with DID and DID simulators in terms of the main dependent variables; the measures in these studies included implicit memory (Allen and Movius, 2000;Huntjens et al, 2002Huntjens et al, , 2003Huntjens et al, , 2005aHuntjens et al, , 2005bHuntjens et al, , 2006Huntjens et al, , 2007Kong et al, 2008), event-related potential (Allen and Movius, 2000), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (Thomas, 2001). Differences that emerged in the other studies included subscale scores on a measure of faking mental illness , SCID-D scores, eye-roll sign for hypnotic potential , reaction times to angry faces , and electroencephalogram coherence .…”

Section: Simulation Of Didmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Review of Published Research on Adult Dissociative Identity Disorder

Boysen

VanBergen

2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to assess the scientific and etiological status of dissociative identity disorder (DID) by examining cases published from 2000 to 2010. In terms of scientific status, DID is a small but ongoing field of study. The review yielded 21 case studies and 80 empirical studies, presenting data on 1171 new cases of DID. A mean of 9 articles, each containing a mean of 17 new cases of DID, emerged each year. In terms of etiological status, many of the central criticisms of the disorder's validity remain unaddressed. Most cases of DID emerged from a small number of countries and clinicians. In addition, documented cases occurring outside treatment were almost nonexistent. Finally, people simulating DID in the laboratory were mostly indistinguishable from individuals with DID. Overall, DID is still a topic of study, but the research lacks the productivity and focus needed to resolve ongoing controversies surrounding the disorder.

show abstract

“…Preliminary research suggested that only memories retrieved explicitly exhibited inter-identity impairment [7,8]; however, studies using more objective measures have found both explicitly and implicitly retrieved memories in DID exhibit transfer. It is also evident that although amnesia pertaining to both neutral stimuli and stimuli related to sexual and physical abuse is subjectively reported, both types of memory content exhibit transfer when assessed via objective measures [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Recent research has also indicated retrieval of autobiographical stimuli [18], and episodic selfreferential material [19], similar to the memory transfer pattern displayed by non-self-referential material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated memory transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual memory impairment.

show abstract

Procedural memory in dissociative identity disorder: When can inter-identity amnesia be truly established?

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States

A Review of Published Research on Adult Dissociative Identity Disorder

Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About