Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the UISPP Commission on Flint Mining in Pre- and Protohistoric Times (Madrid, 14-17 October 2009)

Capote, Marta

doi:10.30861/9781407308319

2011

DOI: 10.30861/9781407308319

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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the UISPP Commission on Flint Mining in Pre- and Protohistoric Times (Madrid, 14-17 October 2009)

Marta Capote¹

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Flint sources and mobility at the Chalcolithic (3500–2200 BCE) settlement of Zambujal (Portugal)

Jordão

Pimentel

2021

Geoarchaeology

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Provenance studies of the siliceous sedimentary raw material used by ancient communities are essential to understanding the mobility and exchange networks of these communities. The establishment of the direct procurement territory is the first step to understanding the role of the 'imported' artefacts. In this study, flint cores, flakes, bladelets and debitage from the Chalcolithic settlement of Zambujal (Estremadura, Portugal), recovered in excavations between 1964 and 1979, are analysed.We attempt to identify the local and regional source areas of these stone materials and compare their petrography (facies and microfacies textures). This study demonstrates the importance of employing three scales of analysis in petrographic studies (the macro-, meso-and micro-) to structure and determine flint provenance.Analysis of cortical material shows the relevance of secondary detrital outcrops during the Chalcolithic of the Portuguese Estremadura. Small cobbles were directly collected in both local and regional formations dated to the Palaeogene and Cenomanian, in a large (approx. 40 km) exploration territory, to produce expedient and specialized artefacts (i.e., bladelets). However, a large portion of stone tools from Zambujal made from Cenomanian flint cannot be assigned to local or regional procurement. The unclear provenance of these materials suggests directions for future research.

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Flint sources and mobility at the Chalcolithic (3500–2200 BCE) settlement of Zambujal (Portugal)

Jordão

Pimentel

2021

Geoarchaeology

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When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England

Healy¹,

Marshall

Bayliss

et al. 2018

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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New radiocarbon dating and chronological modelling have refined understanding of the character and circumstances of flint mining at Grime's Graves through time. The deepest, most complex galleried shafts were worked probably from the 3rd quarter of the 27th century cal BC and are amongst the earliest on the site. Their use ended in the decades around 2400 cal BC, although the use of simple, shallow, pits in the west of the site continued for perhaps another three centuries. The final use of galleried shafts coincides with the first evidence of Beaker pottery and copper metallurgy in Britain. After a gap of around half a millennium, flint mining at Grime's Graves briefly resumed, probably from the middle of the 16th century cal BC to the middle of the 15th. These 'primitive' pits, as they were termed in the inter-war period, were worked using bone tools that can be paralleled in Early Bronze Age copper mines. Finally, the scale and intensity of Middle Bronze Age middening on the site is revealed, as it occurred over a period of probably no more than a few decades in the 14th century cal BC. The possibility of connections between metalworking at Grime's Graves at this time and contemporary deposition of bronzes in the nearby Fens is discussed

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An Operative Sequences Network: The Technical Organization at Casa Montero Early Neolithic Flint Mine (Madrid, Spain)

Castañeda

2021

Open Archaeology

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The purpose of this work is to analyze in which way the technical system of the Early Neolithic flint mine of Casa Montero (5350–5220 cal. BC) was organized to manage different flint-based reduction sequences. The particular features and genesis of Casa Montero’s flint limited the efficiency of one of the main goals of the mine: blade production. As a result, a great amount of the extracted raw material was discarded throughout the process. However, an efficiently planned management allowed its reuse for other purposes. One of the key social activities that took place at the mine was knapping apprenticeship. Younger community members were progressively introduced to this complex technical system, taking part in a many-sided set of tasks and parts of the whole production process, from extraction to recycling and waste management. However, knapping learning, as an operative sequence itself, needs a great amount of raw material. By means of the factorial analysis of the relationships between skill levels and raw material varieties and features of blanks, we can understand the complex organization of this technical system in which some strategies were carried out to avoid competition for raw material and allow motivation of apprentices. The spheres of mining, knapping, and learning coexist harmonically and benefit each other. Younger people of the community participated in mining as a workforce, knapping offers them abundant waste to practice, and learning allows social reproduction.

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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the UISPP Commission on Flint Mining in Pre- and Protohistoric Times (Madrid, 14-17 October 2009)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Flint sources and mobility at the Chalcolithic (3500–2200 BCE) settlement of Zambujal (Portugal)

Flint sources and mobility at the Chalcolithic (3500–2200 BCE) settlement of Zambujal (Portugal)

When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England

An Operative Sequences Network: The Technical Organization at Casa Montero Early Neolithic Flint Mine (Madrid, Spain)

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