Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately

Abstract

Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o h i s t o r y a n d t e c h n o l o g y • n u m b e r 5 7Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s to h i s to ry a n d t e c h n o l o g y • n u m b e r 5 7Proceedings Readers will find insights to research methods used across the entire spectrum of philatelic interests, from composition and physical characteristics of paper, to the chemistry and mineralogy of printing ink, to determining the genuineness of stamps, overprints, and the uses of adhesives on cover. Some of these projects were funded in part by the Institute for Analytical Philately and the National Postal Museum. The rights to text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithsonian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use.

Switching Optimally Balanced Fe–N Interaction Enables Extremely Stable Energy Storage

“…[26,54,55] The confirmed material structural model is shown in Figure 2b, and is consistent with the SAED (inset of Figure 2c). There are four peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as shown in Figure 2c-the peaks of 2060 and 2160 cm −1 are attributed to the vibrations of the cyanide groups of Fe II -CN-Fe III and Fe III -CN-Fe III , [26,56,57] while those at 1610 and 3625 cm −1 are ascribed to the crystal water in FeHCF, and denoted as δ(O-H) and ν(O-H), respectively. [58] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Figure 2d) shows the existence of both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .…”

Nondestructive Determination of the Age of 20th-Century Oil-Binder Ink Prints Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR): A Case Study with Postage Stamps from the Łódź Ghetto

“…7 Although analyzing thick items may be problematic, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) instruments can provide useful information about the ink composition if the paper can be analyzed separately in an area that is not inked or covered with adhesive. [3][4][5] Similarly, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments (handheld or table-top) can give useful elemental analyses of inorganic pigments used in the inks. 6 Until the 20th century, colored inks often contained inorganic pigments including PbCrO 4 , HgS (vermilion), and Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 (Prussian blue).…”

“…1 Postage stamps are another example of printed works that have been forged, and a number of studies using component analyses of stamps for detecting forgeries have been published. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, none of these have attempted to date the stamps based on aging of the binding media.…”