Proceedings of the XXI International Scientific and Practical Conference

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. Winter wheat yield and grain quality largely depend on providing plants with mineral nutrients throughout the growing season. Intensive varieties are characterized by higher requirements for nutritional conditions and only with a full and balanced supply of nutrients can form high yields.Sufficient nutrients in an easily accessible form in the soil are almost non-existent, so to get a high yield of winter wheat, you need to apply mineral fertilizers [1, 2].Analysis of recent research and publications. Winter wheat is very demanding on nutritional conditions. It is since its root system is characterized by a low ability to absorb nutrients from hard-to-dissolve compounds in the soil. The absorption of nutrients by the winter wheat is determined primarily by yield [3, 6].Before the earing phase, depending on the nutrition conditions, wheat absorbs 70-82% of nitrogen, and 75-85% of phosphorus of the maximum amount [2, 5].A number of authors believe that for the full realization of high-yielding varieties of winter wheat with intensive technology it is necessary to apply 90-120 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium [1, 2].Presenting the main material. During the 2019-2021 field experiments were conducted to study the impact of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat Zimoyarka on dark gray podzolic soils.Characteristics of the arable layer of dark gray forest soil are as follows: pH -5,7 -6,0, the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen (according to I.V. Tyurin and M.M. Kononova) is 117 mg, mobile phosphorus is 115 mg, and exchangeable potassium (according to Kirsanov) is 129 mg per 1 kg of soil. The humus content (according to Turin) in these soils is 2.2%.Ammonium nitrate (GOST 2-85), granular superphosphate (GOST -5956-78) and potassium chloride (GOST 4568-95) were used in the experiments. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and part of the nitrogen were applied in the autumn in pre-sowing cultivation, and the rest of the nitrogen in the dose of N 30 and N 60 during the fertilization.Results of yield and quality of winter wheat seeds are given in table 1.