Process analytical technologies in food industry – challenges and benefits: A status report and recommendations

Review of near-infrared spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for real-time product monitoring in dairy processing

“…The configuration of in-line NIR sampling contains three parts: (i) the NIR analyser; (ii) hygienicdesign optical interface (i.e., probes, flow cells, or non-contact sensor heads) to be used in the process line; (iii) fibre optic cables for the connection between the NIR analyser and the sensing elements to achieve remote control and analysis (Hitzmann et al, 2015). During dairy processing, raw materials, intermediates and final products are either stored in tanks / vats or transported by pipes / conveyor belts around the plant.…”

Process analytical technology for cheese manufacture

“… The complexity of the food matrix; Low levels of process automation compared to chemical/pharma industries; Lack of robust in‐line validated PAT sensors (Hitzmann et al ., ). …”

“…This approach can lead to rework and in extreme situations product recall. Continuous monitoring of in-process materials enables real-time process adjustments to be carried out to maintain product specifications within defined limits (Hitzmann et al, 2015). Process analysers, measurement systems and sensors used in real-time monitoring of processes are referred to as PAT tools.…”

“…1 The complexity of the food matrix; 2 Low levels of process automation compared to chemical/pharma industries; 3 Lack of robust in-line validated PAT sensors (Hitzmann et al, 2015). With advancements in process instrumentation, realtime measurement of quality attributes and process variables is beginning to be adopted by the food industry (Kourti, 2006).…”

Process analytical technology for bakery industry: A review

“…PAT is a robust framework for novel process manufacturing and quality assurance of raw materials, in-process material and end product, with the goal of ensuring high final product quality (Van den Berg, Lyndgaard, Sørensen, & Engelsen, 2013). In the 21st century, the USFDA's proposal to appreciate the adoption of high-quality technology to ensure good product manufacturing practices and product quality at pharmaceutical industry opened the way for PAT and USFDA's, process analytical technology was issued (Hitzmann et al, 2015). Later on, this technology was adopted by chemical industries for quality assessment of chemicals produced for laboratory and fertilizer application.…”