Process Considerations for the Application of Enzymes

Kara, Selin; Liese, Andreas

doi:10.1002/9783527813780.ch1_4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This journal is © The Royal of Chemistry 2023 the dramatic increase in BVMO viability and to facilitate its industrial application. 24 The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32271540), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants 2021YFC2102900 & 2019YFA0905000), and Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (21XD1400800).…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic synthesis of pharmacologically relevant chiral sulfoxides by improved CbBVMO variants

Zhao,

Liu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Chem. Commun.

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Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Further analysis and reaction optimization are underway to better elucidate the mechanism behind the dramatic increase in BVMO viability and to facilitate its industrial application. 24…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic synthesis of pharmacologically relevant chiral sulfoxides by improved CbBVMO variants

Zhao,

Liu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Chem. Commun.

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“…However, this belief came from examining proteins in aqueous-organic mixtures and the concomitant direct extrapolation of those observations to the behavior in neat organic solvents [34]. In fact, as water acts as a molecular lubricant [94][95][96], enzyme structure is very rigid in those media with an almost null water activity (this thermodynamic parameter is better than water amount to define the water-dependence of enzyme behavior [97,98]), so that in pure organic solvents crystalline enzymes do retain their native structures [99]. Another fascinating peculiarity associated with the use of enzymes in organic solvent is the concept of "pH memory" [100][101][102][103][104][105]; that is, the enzymatic conformation in an aqueous solution at a certain pH value can be "solidified" by lyophilisation, as protein ionogenic residues would retain the previous ionization state, which would be retained in the organic solvent.…”

Section: Use Of Enzyme In Organic Solvents With Low Water Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Coated Micro-Crystals: An Almost Forgotten but Very Simple and Elegant Immobilization Strategy

et al. 2020

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The immobilization of enzymes using protein coated micro-crystals (PCMCs) was reported for the first time in 2001 by Kreiner and coworkers. The strategy is very simple. First, an enzyme solution must be prepared in a concentrated solution of one compound (salt, sugar, amino acid) very soluble in water and poorly soluble in a water-soluble solvent. Then, the enzyme solution is added dropwise to the water soluble solvent under rapid stirring. The components accompanying the enzyme are called the crystal growing agents, the solvent being the dehydrating agent. This strategy permits the rapid dehydration of the enzyme solution drops, resulting in a crystallization of the crystal formation agent, and the enzyme is deposited on this crystal surface. The reaction medium where these biocatalysts can be used is marked by the solubility of the PCMC components, and usually these biocatalysts may be employed in water soluble organic solvents with a maximum of 20% water. The evolution of these PCMC was to chemically crosslink them and further improve their stabilities. Moreover, the PCMC strategy has been used to coimmobilize enzymes or enzymes and cofactors. The immobilization may permit the use of buffers as crystal growth agents, enabling control of the reaction pH in the enzyme environments. Usually, the PCMC biocatalysts are very stable and more active than other biocatalysts of the same enzyme. However, this simple (at least at laboratory scale) immobilization strategy is underutilized even when the publications using it systematically presented a better performance of them in organic solvents than that of many other immobilized biocatalysts. In fact, many possibilities and studies using this technique are lacking. This review tried to outline the possibilities of this useful immobilization strategy.

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“…For some reaction conditions, enzymes can be sufficiently stabilized by surface modifications, e.g., PEGylation or immobilization ( Dumorne et al, 2017 ; Ellis, 2019 ). However, ideally, industry would need enzymes that can naturally and reproducibly withstand a combination of several extreme conditions (pH, temperature, salinity, organic solvents, and/or aerification) ( Sarmiento et al, 2015 ; Dumorne et al, 2017 ; Kara and Liese, 2019 ). Naturally, halotolerant enzymes are of particular interest for biotech applications because high salt concentrations correspond to low water activity and hence to increased tolerance to organic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organisms have developed cellular and molecular mechanisms to withstand multiple ecological extremes, including high or low temperatures, acidic or basic pH, high salinity, and/or high metal concentrations ( Eichler, 2001 ). Enzymes from these polyextremophiles hold the promise of fulfilling industrial demands ( Kara and Liese, 2019 ) because the conditions of their natural habitats are similar to those occurring in industrial processes ( Niehaus et al, 1999 ; Eichler, 2001 ; van den Burg, 2003 ; Gomes and Steiner, 2004 ; Raddadi et al, 2015 ; Coker, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Enzymes From the Red Sea Brine Pools: Current State and Potential

et al. 2021

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The Red Sea is a marine environment with unique chemical characteristics and physical topographies. Among the various habitats offered by the Red Sea, the deep-sea brine pools are the most extreme in terms of salinity, temperature and metal contents. Nonetheless, the brine pools host rich polyextremophilic bacterial and archaeal communities. These microbial communities are promising sources for various classes of enzymes adapted to harsh environments – extremozymes. Extremozymes are emerging as novel biocatalysts for biotechnological applications due to their ability to perform catalytic reactions under harsh biophysical conditions, such as those used in many industrial processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the extremozymes from different Red Sea brine pools and discuss the overall biotechnological potential of the Red Sea proteome.

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Process Considerations for the Application of Enzymes

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Enzymatic synthesis of pharmacologically relevant chiral sulfoxides by improved CbBVMO variants

Enzymatic synthesis of pharmacologically relevant chiral sulfoxides by improved CbBVMO variants

Enzyme-Coated Micro-Crystals: An Almost Forgotten but Very Simple and Elegant Immobilization Strategy

Novel Enzymes From the Red Sea Brine Pools: Current State and Potential

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