Process development for recovery of dysprosium from permanent magnet scraps leach liquor by hydrometallurgical techniques

Yoon, Ho-Sung; Kim, C.-J.; Chung, Kyeong Woo; Kim, S.-D.; Kumar, J. Rajesh

doi:10.1179/1879139515y.0000000019

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, a liquid–liquid extraction process using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) in kerosene for Nd/Dy separation concentrated a feed solution containing 6.7% Dy to ∼47% purity Dy using a single extraction stage with 92.3% Dy extraction yield . Similarly, a counter-current extraction configuration with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) extractant in kerosene required three extraction stages to upgrade a 16% Dy/84% Nd feed solution to a 74.5% purity Dy solution, while a fourth extraction stage only increased the Dy purity to 94.6% . Additionally, novel tripodal ligands have been used to separate 50:50 and 25:75 Dy:Nd solutions into 95% purity products by leveraging differences in the solubility of the resulting Dy/Nd complexes in organic solvent (i.e., tetrahydrofuran, benzene, or toluene). , As such, our results suggest that immobilized LanM can be used as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to organic solvent-based extraction processes for the production of high-purity (up to 99.9%) Nd and Dy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Hydrometallurgy and Biochemistry: A Protein-Based Process for Recovery and Separation of Rare Earth Elements

et al. 2021

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The extraction and subsequent separation of individual rare earth elements (REEs) from REE-bearing feedstocks represent a challenging yet essential task for the growth and sustainability of renewable energy technologies. As an important step toward overcoming the technical and environmental limitations of current REE processing methods, we demonstrate a biobased, all-aqueous REE extraction and separation scheme using the REE-selective lanmodulin protein. Lanmodulin was conjugated onto porous support materials using thiol-maleimide chemistry to enable tandem REE purification and separation under flow-through conditions. Immobilized lanmodulin maintains the attractive properties of the soluble protein, including remarkable REE selectivity, the ability to bind REEs at low pH, and high stability over numerous low-pH adsorption/desorption cycles. We further demonstrate the ability of immobilized lanmodulin to achieve high-purity separation of the clean-energy-critical REE pair Nd/Dy and to transform a low-grade leachate (0.043 mol % REEs) into separate heavy and light REE fractions (88 mol % purity of total REEs) in a single column run while using ∼90% of the column capacity. This ability to achieve, for the first time, tandem extraction and grouped separation of REEs from very complex aqueous feedstock solutions without requiring organic solvents establishes this lanmodulin-based approach as an important advance for sustainable hydrometallurgy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Hydrometallurgy and Biochemistry: A Protein-Based Process for Recovery and Separation of Rare Earth Elements

et al. 2021

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“…By addition of Ca(OH)2, the B can be recovered from the highly acidic waste water by formation of CaB2O5•H2O [84,85]. The selective leaching process is considered to be a relatively commercial process for recovering REEs from NdFeB permanent magnet scrap in spite of several disadvantages [80][81][82][83]. The major shortcoming of this process is insufficient separation efficiency, and it is hard to avoid the unwanted elements going into a solution.…”

Section: Complete Leaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Review

Zhang

et al. 2020

Metals

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NdFeB permanent magnet scrap is regarded as an important secondary resource which contains rare earth elements (REEs) such as Nd, Pr and Dy. Recovering these valuable REEs from the NdFeB permanent magnet scrap not only increases economic potential, but it also helps to reduce problems relating to disposal and the environment. Hydrometallurgical routes are considered to be the primary choice for recovering the REEs because of higher REEs recovery and its application to all types of magnet compositions. In this paper, the authors firstly reviewed the chemical and physical properties of NdFeB permanent magnet scrap, and then carried out an in-depth discussion on a variety of hydrometallurgical processes for recovering REEs from the NdFeB permanent magnet scrap. The methods mainly included selective leaching or complete leaching processes followed by precipitation, solvent extraction or ionic liquids extraction processes. Particular attention is devoted to the specific technical challenge that emerges in the hydrometallurgical recovery of REEs from NdFeB permanent magnet scrap and to the corresponding potential measures for improving REEs recovery by promoting the processing efficiency. This summarized review will be useful for researchers who are developing processes for recovering REEs from NdFeB permanent magnet scrap.

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“…In the case of NdFeB magnet recycling, especially the separation of neodymium from dysprosium is important. Different researchers have investigated the Nd/Dy separation by solvent extraction, with the aim of improving the separation efficiency. − Moreover, as the use of green solvents is attractive and most recommended, ionic liquids , and supercritical carbon dioxide , were investigated as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Separation of Neodymium and Dysprosium by Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction from a Polyethylene Glycol 200 Phase Using the Neutral Extractant Cyanex 923

Dewulf

Batchu

Binnemans

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Neodymium and dysprosium can be efficiently separated by solvent extraction, using the neutral extractant Cyanex 923, if the conventional aqueous feed phase is largely replaced by the green polar organic solvent polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200). While pure aqueous and pure PEG 200 solutions in the presence of LiCl or HCl were not able to separate the two rare earth elements, high separation factors were observed when extraction was performed from PEG 200 chloride solutions with addition of small amounts of water. This addition of water bridges the gap between traditional hydrometallurgy and novel solvometallurgy and overcomes the challenges faced in both methods. The effect of different variables was investigated: water content, chloride concentration, type of chloride salt, Cyanex 923 concentration, scrubbing agent. A Job plot revealed the extraction stoichiometry is DyCl 3 •4L, where L is Cyanex 923. The McCabe-Thiele diagram for dysprosium extraction showed that complete extraction of this metal can be achieved by a 3-stage counter-current solvent extraction process, leaving neodymium behind in the raffinate. Finally, a conceptual flow sheet for the separation of neodymium and dysprosium including extraction, scrubbing, stripping, and regeneration steps was presented. The nonaqueous solvent extraction process presented in this paper can contribute to efficient recycling of rare earths from end-of-life neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets.

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Process development for recovery of dysprosium from permanent magnet scraps leach liquor by hydrometallurgical techniques

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Bridging Hydrometallurgy and Biochemistry: A Protein-Based Process for Recovery and Separation of Rare Earth Elements

Bridging Hydrometallurgy and Biochemistry: A Protein-Based Process for Recovery and Separation of Rare Earth Elements

Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Review

Enhanced Separation of Neodymium and Dysprosium by Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction from a Polyethylene Glycol 200 Phase Using the Neutral Extractant Cyanex 923

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