Process for chemical separation of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass

Koukios, Emmanuel G.; Valkanas, G.

doi:10.1021/i300006a024

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Figure 8 shows that fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into its three major components, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. It has been proposed as the first step of LCF refining to high value-added products [108]. Achieving high fractionation yields and maintaining the integrity of the macromolecular fractionation products are of major importance regarding the effectiveness of the whole refining process [109].…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes

Cheng¹,

Wang²

2013

Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use

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Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes 349The LCF Biorefinery is a promising alternative due to the abundance and variety of available raw materials and the good position of the conversion products on the market [14]. Its profitability is also dependent on the technology employed to alter the structure of lignocellulosic biomass in order to produce high value co-products from its three main fractions i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [15].Currently the main feedstock for biorefineries is still based on starch. The practiced technologies in fuel ethanol industry are primarily based on the fermentation of sugars derived from starch and sugar crops, which are quite mature with little possibility of process improvements. However, using starch and sugar crops to produce ethanol also has been questioned since it draws its feedstock from a food stream. Lignocellulosic biomass is a more promising renewable resource as it is available in large quantities and does not compete with food or feed. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable resource that stores energy from sunlight in its chemical bonds, with great potentials for the production of affordable fuel ethanol [16,17]. Its main obstacle for a major breakthrough is the high production costs for bioenergy products.On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass-derived products can significantly reduce green house gas emissions, compared to fossil-based products. Also, many common petrochemicals could be obtained with lower green house gas emissions from bio-based feedstocks. The maturity and economics of the conversion processes and logistics is a major challenge for lignocellulosic biomass [18].

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Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes

Cheng¹,

Wang²

2013

Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use

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“…Prehydrolysis is by far the best method to separate hemicellulose as a sugar solution. In almost all proposed processes there is a step, where a contact with an acidic aqueous phase is employed for that purpose (Aronovsky & Gortner, 1936 laboratory helped to investigate the effects of this pre hydrolytic pretreatment (Koukios & Nicolacopoulos, 1979;Koukios, 1981;Koukios & Valkanas, 1982). Experiments on wheat (Triticum sativum) straw have shown that pentosan hydrolysis under strong conditions follows pseudo-first order kinetics with a rate constant given by the equation (Koukios, 1981) kp = 1.95 .…”

Section: Fractionation Of Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C~~~~ . e -~~ (4) Under those conditions, 90% of the original hemicellulose can be recovered as reducing sugars (Koukios & Valkanas, 1982). At the same time, the structure of the residue is significantly modified: a considerable fraction of cellulose, as high as 30% of the original value, is depolymerized also following pseudo-first order kinetics, and more than 50% of the original lignin becomes soluble in organic solvents, possibly after depolymerization, according to the same apparent kinetic pattern (Koukios, 1981).…”

Section: Fractionation Of Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such modeling of prehydrolysis makes possible a preliminary investigation of its three major effects, especially regarding further treatment of the residue. The results are summarized in Table 4 and Figure 8, where for simplicity the yield of the residue is considered as an overall characteristic parameter (Koukios & Valkanas, 1982).…”

Section: Fractionation Of Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass refining: a non-waste approach

Koukios¹

1985

Tasks for Vegetation Science

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A biomass refinery is an integrated complex of industrial processes that separate the major components of bioresources and convert them to fuels, food, feed, fiber, fertilizer and chemicals by physical, chemical, and biochemical methods. To optimize biomass refining one needs to maximize (a) the efficiency and (b) the selectivity of the fractionation, and (c) the quality of its products (nutritional, energetic, mechanical properties etc.), and at the same time minimize (d) the amount of wastes and the environmental problems caused thereof. These criteria are applied here in several pilotcases that represent the most promising routes for refining the main structural units of plant-biomass, namely leaves, seeds and lignocellulosic stalks by nonwaste technologies. Experimental data from biomass refining in the cases of various agricultural residues are used to illustrate the principles of the proposed approach.

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“…For this reason, inexpensive fractionation of lignocellulosic material into its components could significantly improve the overall efficiency of biomass utilization [9,10]. This is essential to develop an economically viable biorefinery process [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Xylo-oligomer and Lignin Liquors from Rice Straw by Two 2-step Processes Using Aqueous Ammonia Followed by Hot-water or Sulfuric Acid

Truong¹,

Shrestha²,

Kim³

2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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− A two-step process was investigated for pretreatment and fractionation of rice straw. The two-step fractionation process involves first, soaking rice straw in aqueous ammonia (SAA) in a batch reactor to recover lignin-rich hydrolysate. This is followed by a second-step treatment in a fixed-bed flow-through column reactor to recover xylooligomer-rich hydrolysate. The remaining glucan-rich solid cake is then subjected to an enzymatic process. In the first variant, SAA treatment in the first step dissolves lignin at moderate temperature (60 and 80 o C), while in the second step, hot-water treatment is used for xylan removal at higher temperatures (150~210 o C). Under optimal conditions (190 o C reaction temperature, 30 min reaction time, 5.0 ml/min flow rate, and 2.3 MPa reaction pressure), the SAA-hot-water fractionation removed 79.2% of the lignin and 63.4% of the xylan. In the second variant, SAA was followed by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid. With this process, optimal treatment conditions for effective fractionation of xylo-oligomer were found to be 80 o C, 12 h reaction time, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 in the first step; and 5.0 ml H 2 SO 4 /min, 170 o C, and 2.3 MPa in the second step. After this two-step fractionation process, 85.4% lignin removal and 78.9% xylan removal (26.8% xylan recovery) were achieved. Use of the optimized second variant of the two-step fractionation process (SAA and H 2 SO 4 ) resulted in enhanced enzymatic digestibility of the treated solid (99% glucan digestibility) with 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of CTec2 (cellulase)/g-glucan of enzyme loading, which was higher than 92% in the twostep fractionation process (SAA and hot-water).

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Process for chemical separation of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes

Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes

Biomass refining: a non-waste approach

Recovery of Xylo-oligomer and Lignin Liquors from Rice Straw by Two 2-step Processes Using Aqueous Ammonia Followed by Hot-water or Sulfuric Acid

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