Process intensification and waste minimization using liquid-liquid-liquid tri-phase transfer catalysis for the synthesis of 2-((benzyloxy)methyl)furan

Ionic Liquid/Water Continuous-Flow System with Compartmentalized Spaces for Automatic Product Purification of Biotransformation with Enzyme Recycling

“…In the ideal case of exclusive solubility, meaning 100% of one molecular species in one phase and none in the other, such a flow process system could eliminate the need for further product separation from catalysts, remaining reagents, and potential byproducts . In an extension of this approach, advanced compartmentalization is provided by tri- or four-phasic solvent systems. , The incorporation of supramolecular entities within this flow, such as Pickering emulsions, polymersomes, immobilization, or a combination thereof can add further to reaction–separation performance. We have coined that usage of carefully selected multiphase liquids as “Solvent-enabled Factory”, being integrated reactors–separators, and ideally without the need for postprocessing or purification. , This altogether provides a vision how to perform multiple reactions, such as catalytic cascades, just within one continuous-flow stream, and this has been termed “One-Flow”, which is a large-scale EU research excellence initiative.…”

“…20 In an extension of this approach, advanced compartmentalization is provided by tri-or four-phasic solvent systems. 22,23 The incorporation of supramolecular entities within this flow, such as Pickering emulsions, 24 polymersomes, 25 immobilization, 26 or a combination thereof 27 can add further to reaction−separation performance. We have coined that usage of carefully selected multiphase liquids as "Solvent-enabled Factory", being integrated reactors−separators, and ideally without the need for postprocessing or purification.…”

Design and Development of Novel Continuous Flow Stirred Multiphase Reactor: Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysed Synthesis of Guaiacol Glycidyl Ether

“…Three separate motors (11,12,13) were used to control the agitation of each stirrer, and three pumps (21,22,23) were used to pump the three phases independently in the reactor. Independent inlet (15,16,17) and outlet nozzles (15 , 16 , 17 ) were provided for each phase. A jacketed heating system (18) was used for heating.…”

“…There are several reported L-L-L PTC systems, which include alkylation reactions like selective O-alkylation of phenol with benzyl chloride [12], 4-hydroxypropiophenone with benzyl chloride [13], reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene with sodium sulphide [11], selective oxidation of methyl mandelate [14], and etherification reaction for the synthesis of 2-((benzyloxy)methyl)furan [15]. Additionally, there are reactions like esterification of potassium 4-methoxyphenylacetate [16], sodium benzoate [17], synthesis of n-butyl salicylate by esterification of sodium salicylate [18], benzoylation of sodium 4-acetylphenoxide [19], 4-chloro-3-methylphenol sodium salt [20], synthesis of butyl salicylate [21], benzyl salicylate [22], and ultrasound-assisted synthesis of dialkyl peroxides [23].…”

Cotton Fabric-Supported Cationic Acrylate Polymer as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Williamson Ether Synthesis Reaction in Solid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis System

“… 1 , 2 Design of the efficient and green PTC system has been one of the topics in the PTC field. The introduction of the third phase to the common biphasic PTC system was considered as the efficient way to meet the requirement of the green chemistry, for example, third-liquid PTC (TL-PTC) with the catalyst-philic liquid phase, 3 , 4 solid(catalyst)–liquid–liquid PTC (SLL-PTC) system with the immobilized catalyst phase, 5 and the introduction to the solid-ω-liquid PTC with the omega phase (water). 6 In these third-phase PTC systems, the reaction rate and the reusability of the catalyst were increased.…”