Process Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Flavor Esters: A Review

Jaiswal, Kajal S.; Rathod, Virendra K.

doi:10.1002/tcr.202100213

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Utilizing microwave irradiation in the peptide synthesis in solid phase enhances product purity and decreases reaction time [68]. Utilizing process intensification techniques like ultrasound and microwave irradiation may improve reaction efficiency by increasing product recovery, reducing the generation of by-products, and decreasing energy usage [69]. The use of microwave irradiation, which has distinct heating processes, may stimulate drug-polymer interaction and alter the dissolving characteristics.…”

Section: Microwave Irradiation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on solubility enhancement technique for pharmaceutical drugs

Vaishnavi B. Borgaonkar,

Chetan M. Jain,

Amit R. Jaiswal

et al. 2024

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Solubility, a critical parameter governing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, often poses a significant challenge in drug development. This review article offers a thorough examination of several methods used to improve the solubility of medications that have low solubility, in order to overcome their limits. The discussion encompasses both conventional and emerging strategies, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. The study examines conventional methods such as particle size reduction, solid dispersion, and cosolvency, focusing on their historical importance and extensive use. Advances in nanotechnology, including nanosuspensions, nanocrystals, and lipid-based nanocarriers, are discussed for their potential to revolutionize solubility enhancement through improved drug delivery systems. An essential determinant in achieving optimal medication dosage absorption into the circulatory system is the demonstration of a pharmacological action is directly linked to the solubility of a substance. The primary challenge in formulating the new medicinal chemical is its limited water solubility. Medications with low solubility in water need large doses in order to achieve their highest effective concentration in the bloodstream when taken orally. The biopharmaceutical categorization system (BCS) classifies substances according to their solubility and permeability. Regulatory agencies and health organizations have used this categorization approach to validate bioequivalence for chemicals that are both highly soluble and very permeable by using dissolution as a form of confirmation. Medications that have a poor capacity to dissolve in water have a slow pace of breaking down, which results in a reduction in the amount of the medication that may be absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally.

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Section: Microwave Irradiation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on solubility enhancement technique for pharmaceutical drugs

Vaishnavi B. Borgaonkar,

Chetan M. Jain,

Amit R. Jaiswal

et al. 2024

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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“…They are naturally present in fruits and have a refreshing scent [10]. Thus, they are widely used as important additives in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries [11,12]. For example, ethyl butyrate is naturally present in pineapples, mangoes, and bananas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Short-Chain Alkyl Butyrate through Esterification Reaction Using Immobilized Rhodococcus Cutinase and Analysis of Substrate Specificity through Molecular Docking

Won

Yim

Kim

2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Alkyl butyrate with fruity flavor is known as an important additive in the food industry. We synthesized various alkyl butyrates from various fatty alcohol and butyric acid using immobilized Rhodococcus cutinase (Rcut). Esterification reaction was performed in a non-aqueous system including heptane, isooctane, hexane, and cyclohexane. As a result of performing the alkyl butyrate synthesis reaction using alcohols of various chain lengths, it was found that the preference for the alcohol substrate had the following order: C6 > C4 > C8 > C10 > C2. Through molecular docking analysis, it was found that the greater the hydrophobicity of alcohol, the higher the accessibility to the active site of the enzyme. However, since the number of torsions increased as the chain length increased, it became difficult for the hydroxyl oxygen of the alcohol to access the γ O of serine at the enzyme active site. These molecular docking results were consistent with substrate preference results of the Rcut enzyme. The Rcut maintained the synthesis efficiency at least for 5 days in isooctane solvent. We synthesized as much as 452 mM butyl butyrate by adding 100 mM substrate daily for 5 days and performing the reaction. These results show that Rcut is an efficient enzyme for producing alkyl butyrate used in the food industry.

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“…When these compounds are used in blends with gasoline, it is expected to obtain positive effects such as a reduction of unburnt hydrocarbons, NOx and particulate emissions [10]. The global market for flavour esters is estimated to rise at a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.90 % through the prediction period 2019-2025 [11]. The extraction of natural flavour agents from plants, fruits and flowers is a costly, timeconsuming and low-yielding process to be used at an industrial scale; furthermore, these raw materials are not enough to meet the market demands [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%