Process intensification of the high-purity nitrogen production in twin-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption plants

Marcinek, Andrzej; Guderian, Joachim; Bathen, Dieter

doi:10.1007/s10450-020-00291-8

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… 1 − 4 Researchers have been using the PSA method as a more efficient separation approach in air separation in recent years because the PSA process is typically more affordable than other separation processes (cryogenic and membrane technologies). 2 , 3 PSA is a type of green technology that is extensively utilized nowadays, in particular as a low-cost and energy-saving air separation system. 5 − 7 Gas separation research has largely concentrated on PSA from solid adsorbents, which are desirable targets because of their low energy cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

et al. 2022

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A volumetric system was used to assess carbon-based adsorbents for evaluation of the gas separation, equilibrium, and kinetics of oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC) and functionalized GAC at 298, 308, and 318 K under pressures up to 10 bar. The effects of ZnCl 2 , pH, arrangement of the pores, and heat-treatment temperature on the adsorptive capabilities of O 2 , N 2 , and CO 2 were evaluated. High-performance O 2 adsorption resulted with a fine sample (GAC-10-500) generated with a 0.1 wt % loading of ZnCl 2 . The optimal sample structure and morphology were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. On the basis of the adsorption–desorption results, the fine GAC provides a surface area of 719 m 2 /g. Moreover, it possessed an average pore diameter of 1.69 nm and a micropore volume of 0.27 m 3 /g. At 298 K, the adsorption capacity of the GAC-10-500 adsorbent improved by 19.75% for O 2 but was not significantly increased for N 2 and CO 2 . Isotherm and kinetic adsorption models were applied to select the model best matching the studied O 2 , N 2 , and CO 2 gas uptake on GAC-10-500 adsorbent. At 298 K and 10 bar, the sip isotherm model with the highest potential adsorption difference sequence and gas adsorption difference compared with pure GAC adsorbent as O 2 > N 2 > CO 2 follows well for GAC-10-500. Eventually, the optimal sample is more effective for O 2 adsorption than other gases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

et al. 2022

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“…Further, the purge proportionality factor is varied and the influence of a possible cutting step is investigated. The physical explanation of several observed effects was already discussed in detail in a previous publication of the authors [37]. Therefore, this work focuses on the validation of the mathematical model and exposing its ability to predict the PSA performance at multiple process conditions.…”

Section: Validation Of the Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Since the rate of pressure build-up and fall-off is the main driving force of adsorption and desorption in the PSA system, a correct representation of pressure profiles in the adsorber column during production, equalisation, and regeneration steps is crucial for a rational estimation of both adsorption equilibrium behaviour and mass transfer kinetics. Consequently, the issue of flow resistances in the system comes to the fore while validation of the mathematical model, and should be considered as an exceptionally important criterion when confirming empirical results [37].…”

Section: Adjustment Of Flow Resistances In the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic simulation of high-purity twin-bed N2-PSA plants

Marcinek

Möller²,

Guderian

et al. 2021

Adsorption

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At present, nitrogen production from air by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is simulated almost exclusively at low product purity levels (< 99% N2). However, with increasing global demand for highly purified gases provided by energy-efficient separation processes the requirement for either extensive experimental research in the high-purity range or predictive computer simulations arises. This paper presents a mathematical model of a twin-bed PSA plant equipped with a carbon molecular sieve (Shirasagi MSC CT-350) for the generation of high-purity nitrogen (99.9–99.999% N2). The model is implemented in the process simulator Aspen Adsorption™. The influence of operating conditions as well as the cycle organisation on the process performance is validated, especially the influence of pressure, temperature, half-cycle time, purge flow rate, and cutting time. The precision of the performance prediction by numerical simulations is critically discussed. Based on the new insights efficiency improvement strategies with a focus on reduced energy consumption are introduced and discussed by means of radar charts.

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“…Alternatively, cryogenic distillation, pressure-swing adsorption, or membrane separation can provide high-purity nitrogen. At a large scale, commercial nitrogen production occurs through fractional distillation of liquefied air, which is the most efficient method. , Steam reforming accounts for 75% of the energy used within the entire Haber–Bosch process. The cryogenic air separation has a similar energy expenditure as is required for CO 2 removal in the methane-fed Haber–Bosch process.…”

Section: Current Manufacturing Of Ammonia and Nitric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia and Nitric Acid Demands for Fertilizer Use in 2050

et al. 2021

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Access to nitrogen-based fertilizers is critical to maximize agricultural yield, as nitrogen is the most common rate-limiting nutrient. Nearly all nitrogenbased fertilizers rely on ammonia and nitric acid as feedstocks, and thus the demand for these chemicals is heavily dependent on the global population and food demand. Over the next three decades, the global population will continue to dictate the market size and value for ammonia and nitric acid, which consequently will have a significant impact on our energy infrastructure. Here, we discuss the potential for carbon-free electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, nitrogen oxidation, and nitrate reduction to meet fertilizer manufacturing demands. We also explore various growth scenarios to predict the 2050 market size and value for ammonia and nitric acid. We highlight that if the current approaches for manufacturing ammonia and nitric acid remain constant, carbon emissions from the production of fixed fertilizer feedstocks could exceed 1300 Mt CO 2eq /yr, prompting a strong need for green alternatives.

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Process intensification of the high-purity nitrogen production in twin-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption plants

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

Dynamic simulation of high-purity twin-bed N2-PSA plants

Ammonia and Nitric Acid Demands for Fertilizer Use in 2050

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Process intensification of the high-purity nitrogen production in twin-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption plants

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O2/N2/CO2 on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O2/N2/CO2 on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

Dynamic simulation of high-purity twin-bed N2-PSA plants

Ammonia and Nitric Acid Demands for Fertilizer Use in 2050

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Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon

Adsorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study of O₂/N₂/CO₂ on Functionalized Granular Activated Carbon