Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Brown, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.09.006

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Fiaschi et al 106 demonstrated a 180% increase in the recovery of heat from the exhaust of an industrial textile drying process through redesign of the heat exchanger network by employing improved computational design methods including multi-scale, multi-physics CFD (computational fluid dynamics), and a recent perspective in these pages identified opportunities for autothermal operation of chemical reactors through direct coupling of endo-and exothermic processes. 107 At the system level, opportunities exist to integrate industrial parks for better overall utilization of waste heat and material flows 108 and into broader district heating systems where low-value waste heat can be employed for space heating of buildings. 109 These applications are generally limited by the fact that heat transport is most readily accomplished using steam distribution systems, which limits both the temperature range of the industrial park thermal distribution system and the distance it can travel.…”

Section: Less Loss With Better Insulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

To decarbonize industry, we must decarbonize heat

Thiel

Stark

2021

Joule

171

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Industry is often termed ''hard to decarbonize'' because a vast, inhomogeneous array of processes comprise the sector. But developing new, decarbonized process heating technologies represents a single, broadly applicable pathway to eliminating a large portion of sectoral emissions-and approximately one-fifth of global CO 2 emissions, overall. We begin this perspective with a brief review of the demand for and cost of industrial heat. Then, we highlight key challenges and R&D needs in developing zero-carbon industrial heating technologies. Technologies in four pathways are discussed:(1) zero-carbon fuels, (2) zero-carbon heat sources, (3) electrification of heat, and (4) better heat management. Finally, we identify crosscutting challenges to the development and adoption of zero-carbon industrial heat technologies, the solution to any of which would constitute a significant breakthrough on the path to industrial decarbonization.

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Section: Less Loss With Better Insulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

To decarbonize industry, we must decarbonize heat

Thiel

Stark

2021

Joule

171

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“…With the introduction of a larger excess of water, the formed hemihydrate undergoes full hydrolysis at the second stage. This process occurs quickly and is accompanied by the release of gaseous acetylene and the precipitation of calcium hydroxide (3). In this case, DMSO molecules are released from a coordinated state into a solution.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Heat Release Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many attempts have been made to combine exo- and endothermic processes. As a result, autothermal reaction setups were developed [ 3 ]. However, the scope of autothermal reactions is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Mapping of Self-Promoted Calcium Carbide Reactions for Performing Energy-Economic Processes

Rodygin

Лоцман

Erokhin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The syntheses of various chemical compounds require heating. The intrinsic release of heat in exothermic processes is a valuable heat source that is not effectively used in many reactions. In this work, we assessed the released heat during the hydrolysis of an energy-rich compound, calcium carbide, and explored the possibility of its usage. Temperature profiles of carbide hydrolysis were recorded, and it was found that the heat release depended on the cosolvent and water/solvent ratio. Thus, the release of heat can be controlled and adjusted. To monitor the released heat, a special tube-in-tube reactor was assembled using joining part 3D-printed with nylon. The thermal effect of the reaction was estimated using a thermoimaging IR monitor. It was found that the kinetics of heat release are different when using mixtures of water with different solvents, and the maximum achievable temperature depends on the type of solvent and the amount of water and carbide. The possibility of using the heat released during carbide hydrolysis to initiate a chemical reaction was tested using a hydrothiolation reaction—the nucleophilic addition of thiols to acetylene. In a model experiment, the yield of the desired product with the use of heat from carbide hydrolysis was 89%, compared to 30% in this intrinsic heating, which was neglected.

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“…Although chemical kinetics would ideally set the maximum rate that pyrolysis proceeds in a reactor, the transport of heat into the reactor more likely determines this rate. In a recent perspective paper on directly coupled autothermal operation of chemical reactors, we showed that the maximum diameter of a tubular reactor to avoid heat transfer becoming the bottleneck to processing rates is given by where h (kJ s –1 m –2 K –1 ) is the heat transfer coefficient, Δ T (K) is the temperature gradient across the wall of the reactor, k pyr (s –1 ) is the reaction rate coefficient for an assumed first-order pyrolysis reaction, C A (kg m –3 ) is the concentration of the reactant, and Δ H r,pyr (kJ kg –1 ) is the enthalpy change for the pyrolysis reaction. For pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, appropriate values of h and Δ T are 0.1 kJ s –1 m –2 K –1 and 400 K, respectively, k pyr and C A equal 0.094 s –1 and 180 kg m –3 , respectively, and Δ H r,pyr is equal to 1000 kJ kg –1 .…”

Section: Autothermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a L , reactor length; A S /tube, surface area of a heat transfer tube in the reactor; tubes/ A C , number of tubes per cross-sectional area of the reactor; j p , mass flux of the granular heat carrier entering the reactor; C p Δ T , sensible energy per unit mass of the granular heat carrier. This scheme was reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier. …”

Section: Autothermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterodoxy in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Brown

2020

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

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As the field of fast pyrolysis has matured, it has been accompanied by a kind of orthodoxy in its practice. Among these orthodoxies are the following: (1) oxygen should be excluded from the pyrolysis process; (2) little sugar is produced during pyrolysis; and (3) the major product of pyrolysis is a low-value emulsion in water. Adherence to these tenets is an impediment to the commercial development of fast pyrolysis. Over the past 15 years, research at Iowa State University’s Bioeconomy Institute has challenged these tenets with what might be called heterodoxy in the science and engineering of fast pyrolysis: adding oxygen, producing sugars, and fractionating bio-oil into valorized products. This paper reviews these new approaches to pyrolysis and concludes with an outlook for further developing them.

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Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

To decarbonize industry, we must decarbonize heat

To decarbonize industry, we must decarbonize heat

Thermal Mapping of Self-Promoted Calcium Carbide Reactions for Performing Energy-Economic Processes

Heterodoxy in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

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