Process of Concentrating of Highly Mineralized Waters in an Air-Gap Membrane Distiller

Новицкий, Э. Г.; Golubev, G. S.; Грушевенко, Е. А.; Василевский, В. П.; Волков, А. В.

doi:10.1134/s2517751619060027

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The laboratory set-up of membrane distillation with a porous condenser used for concentration of sodium chloride aqueous solution was described elsewhere in [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The feed solution with an initial concentration 10 wt.% of NaCl was circulated in the membrane distillation module at a temperature of 60 or 80 °C at a flow-rate of 0.012 m/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this thermally-driven process, the membrane acts as a non-selective barrier that provides high fluxes of water vapors through the pores of the membrane and high selectivity since the saline water as the non-wetting liquid for hydrophobic membrane remains in the feed compartment [ 37 , 38 ]. In contrast to pervaporation, reverse osmosis or distillation processes, the membrane distillation can be effectively operated at the atmospheric pressure by utilizing low-grade heat sources [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. A variety of MD processes can provide different configurations of hot (feed) and cold (permeate) streams, which are usually positioned within the membrane module on a distance no greater than few millimeters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of MD processes can provide different configurations of hot (feed) and cold (permeate) streams, which are usually positioned within the membrane module on a distance no greater than few millimeters. Recently, a new construction of air gap MD module was proposed [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] and patented [ 48 ]; this concept allows the intensification of the membrane distillation process. The key engineering element of this construction is a porous condensing surface (porous condenser) for condensation of water (permeate) vapors, which allows to scale up the process to the industrial level, simplify the construction, reduce the dimensions, and use the membrane module with any spatial orientation without the loss of efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operation of Three-Stage Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine: Simulation

et al. 2021

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Lithium-rich geothermal waters are considered as an alternative source, and further concentration of lithium is required for its effective recovery. In this work, we have simulated a three-stage lithium recovery process including the brine softening by precipitation Ca2+/Mg2+ cations with sodium carbonate (calculated in PHREEQC), followed by an integrated system consisting of membrane distillation unit (water evaporation), crystallizer (NaCl precipitation), and membrane extraction (Li+ recovery), which was simulated in Simulink/MATLAB. It was shown that the deterioration of membrane performance in time due to scaling/fouling plays a critical role in the performance of the system resulting in the dramatic increase of the replaced membrane modules by a factor of 5. Low cost membranes are required. The process simulation based on the experimental and literature data on the high salinity solutions with the membrane distillation revealed that the specific productivity can be achieved in the range of 9.9–880 g (Li+) per square meter of membranes in the module used before its replacement. The increase of energy efficiency is needed. The mass-flow-rate of saline solution circulated to the crystallizer was set at its almost minimum value as 6.5 kg/min to enable its successful operation at the given parameters of the membrane distillation unit. In other words, the operation of the integrated system having 140 kg of saline solution in the loop and a membrane module of 2.5 m2 for concentration of lithium presence from 0.11 up to 2.3 g/kg would be associated with the circulation of about of 259 tons of saline solution per month between the distillation unit (60 °C) and the crystallizer (15 °C) to yield of up to 1.4 kg of lithium ions. The comprehensive summary and discussion are presented in the conclusions section.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%