Process optimization and kinetics for leaching of rare earth metals from the spent Ni–metal hydride batteries

Meshram, Pratima; Pandey, B.D.; Mankhand, T R

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.018

Cited by 110 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As observed in Figure 3a,L ai sn ot stable in its metallic form in aqueous media. At pH 6.8 and 40 8C( or pH 7.1 at 25 8C; pH 6.3 at 60 8C), La is fully dissolved, mainlya sL aCl 2 + .A t higher pH, its stable form is the solid hydroxide La(OH) 3 .…”

Section: Thermodynamic-basedchoice Of Ph For Leaching Experiments In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrometallurgical processes are the main alternative for recycling NiMH batteries, in which battery powders are generally leached in a mineral acid, such as HCl (around 40 % of the recent literature) or H 2 SO 4 (about 60 %) . To a minor extent, a few researchers have studied the use of HNO 3 , carboxylic acids, or ascorbic acid as leaching agents, but these have not been considered in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching Mechanisms of Industrial Powders of Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries in a Pilot‐Scale Reactor

et al. 2019

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In view of a sustainable recycling process, the leaching mechanisms of nickel and rare‐earth elements (REEs) contained within industrial samples of spent nickel metal hydride battery powders were investigated in HCl and H2SO4, under mild temperature (25–60 °C) and pH (3–5.5). First, in‐depth characterization of the heterogeneous battery powder was carried out with powder XRD, SEM, electron probe microanalyzer wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA‐WDS) quantitative analyses of individual particles, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) elemental analysis. An unusual result is the identification of particles that exhibit a core–shell structure, which is related to anode active mass aging mechanisms. Then, a leaching study in a 10 L pilot‐scale reactor demonstrated the selective dissolution of REEs, with respect to nickel, at pH 3, which is attributed to 1) the kinetic inhibition of nickel metal dissolution, and 2) the specific core–shell structure of aged mischmetal particles. Furthermore, the use of H2SO4 led to coprecipitation of lanthanide–alkali double sulfates and nickel salts.

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Section: Thermodynamic-basedchoice Of Ph For Leaching Experiments In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Mechanisms of Industrial Powders of Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries in a Pilot‐Scale Reactor

et al. 2019

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“…Rare earth elements are widely applied in many industrial branches (aviation, motorization, power engineering, lighting etc.) and high-tech applications (Chakhmouradian and Wall 2012;Meshram et al 2016;Pietrelli et al 2002). Lately China supply of REEs has been over 90%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010 it stopped the export of these precious elements and increased their prices. Therefore an important issue is independence of REEs export from China and looking for new methods of obtaining them from other sources (Meshram et al 2016(Meshram et al , 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of metals from waste nickel-metal hydride batteries using multifunctional Diphonix resin

2019

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In this study, Diphonix resin containing sulfonic, diphosphonic and carboxylic groups was used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of metal ions contained in the nickel-metal hydride batteries (Ni-MH). This type of ion exchanger can be considered as the multifunctional material having great affinity to many metal ions. Using Diphonix resin adsorption process was carried out for La(III) and Ni(II) ions to characterize kinetic, adsorption and thermodynamic parameters. Preliminary studies of the Nd(III), Ce(III), La(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions mixture were also performed. The best results of adsorption studies were obtained using 0.2 M HNO 3. Diphonix resin exhibits especially good adsorptive properties with respect to rare earth element ions (adsorption efficiency of about 100%) in comparison with the heavy metal ions in the second oxidation state (about 50% or below). The series of affinity of the resin for the studied ions can be presented as follows: La(III) > Fe(III) > Nd(III) > Ce(III) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II). The obtained results confirmed the possibility of further use of the resin for the recovery and separation of rare earth elements from solutions after Ni-MH batteries leaching.

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“…Several techniques have been applied for the recovery of REEs and other valuable elements from NiMH batteries including acid leaching with various acids [3,4,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], precipitation and solvent extraction methods with various reagents [5,[17][18][19][20][21][22], and pyrometallurgical methods [6,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recoveries of Valuable Metals from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Vehicle Batteries via Sulfation, Selective Roasting, and Water Leaching

Korkmaz

Alemrajabi

Rasmuson

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The recoveries of rare earth elements (REEs), nickel, and cobalt from hybrid electric vehicle batteries by sulfation, selective roasting, and water leaching have been studied. The cathode and anode materials of a Panasonic Prismatic Module nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery were used in the study. The optimal conditions for each step of the process were determined by performing lab-scale experiments. It was found that 8 mol/L of sulfuric acid was sufficient for the sulfation with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/5. The optimal roasting conditions was determined to be 850°C for 2 h. Under optimal conditions, 96% of the REEs could be obtained in the aqueous phase with negligible contamination of Ni and Co. The Ni and Co remained in solid phase as oxides together with traces of aluminum, zinc, and iron oxides. This method provides a way for the separation of the REEs from nickel, cobalt, and other elements present in the NiMH battery, into a leachate suitable for further processing.

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Process optimization and kinetics for leaching of rare earth metals from the spent Ni–metal hydride batteries

Cited by 110 publications

References 20 publications

Leaching Mechanisms of Industrial Powders of Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries in a Pilot‐Scale Reactor

Leaching Mechanisms of Industrial Powders of Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries in a Pilot‐Scale Reactor

Recovery of metals from waste nickel-metal hydride batteries using multifunctional Diphonix resin

Recoveries of Valuable Metals from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Vehicle Batteries via Sulfation, Selective Roasting, and Water Leaching

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