Abstract:The most competent and operative use of renewable feedstock is super critical for the production of biodiesel which has increased attention worldwide pertaining to aquatic fern Azolla. Maximizing the biodiesel yield by optimizing the process parameters of the low-frequency ultrasonic energy-assisted transesterification process of Azolla oil is the need of the hour for minimizing the production cost of biodiesel. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to f… Show more
“…Furthermore, the alcohol requirement for inedible oils is higher than for edible oils in order to achieve maximum ester yield. However, in inedible oil, glycerol output was greater and ester content yield was lower 34 , 35 . Figure 7 Effect of molar ratio of oil to methanol in biodiesel yield Experimental conditions: the reaction was run at a oil to methanol ratio of 1:6 to 1:15, 1% of catalyst loading, reaction time 120-min, and reaction temperature of 60 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Furthermore, the alcohol requirement for inedible oils is higher than for edible oils in order to achieve maximum ester yield. However, in inedible oil, glycerol output was greater and ester content yield was lower 34,35 .…”
Recent years have seen an increase in research on biodiesel, an environmentally benign and renewable fuel alternative for traditional fossil fuels. Biodiesel might become more cost-effective and competitive with diesel if a solid heterogeneous catalyst is used in its production. One way to make biodiesel more affordable and competitive with diesel is to employ a solid heterogeneous catalyst in its manufacturing. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the researchers in this study proved their hypothesis that iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles were generated during the green synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Camellia Sinensis leaves. The fabrication of spherical iron nanoparticles was successfully confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a heterogeneous catalyst, the synthesised catalyst has shown potential in facilitating the conversion of algae oil into biodiesel. With the optimal parameters (0.5 weight percent catalytic load, 1:6 oil—methanol ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 1 h and 30 min reaction duration), a 93.33% yield was attained. This may be due to its acid–base property, chemical stability, stronger metal support interaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was employed for transesterification reactions five times after regeneration with n-hexane washing followed by calcination at 650 °C for 3 h.
“…Furthermore, the alcohol requirement for inedible oils is higher than for edible oils in order to achieve maximum ester yield. However, in inedible oil, glycerol output was greater and ester content yield was lower 34 , 35 . Figure 7 Effect of molar ratio of oil to methanol in biodiesel yield Experimental conditions: the reaction was run at a oil to methanol ratio of 1:6 to 1:15, 1% of catalyst loading, reaction time 120-min, and reaction temperature of 60 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Furthermore, the alcohol requirement for inedible oils is higher than for edible oils in order to achieve maximum ester yield. However, in inedible oil, glycerol output was greater and ester content yield was lower 34,35 .…”
Recent years have seen an increase in research on biodiesel, an environmentally benign and renewable fuel alternative for traditional fossil fuels. Biodiesel might become more cost-effective and competitive with diesel if a solid heterogeneous catalyst is used in its production. One way to make biodiesel more affordable and competitive with diesel is to employ a solid heterogeneous catalyst in its manufacturing. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the researchers in this study proved their hypothesis that iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles were generated during the green synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Camellia Sinensis leaves. The fabrication of spherical iron nanoparticles was successfully confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a heterogeneous catalyst, the synthesised catalyst has shown potential in facilitating the conversion of algae oil into biodiesel. With the optimal parameters (0.5 weight percent catalytic load, 1:6 oil—methanol ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 1 h and 30 min reaction duration), a 93.33% yield was attained. This may be due to its acid–base property, chemical stability, stronger metal support interaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was employed for transesterification reactions five times after regeneration with n-hexane washing followed by calcination at 650 °C for 3 h.
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