Process planning of L-PBF of AISI 316L for improving surface quality and relating part integrity with microstructural characteristics

Ramírez-Cedillo, Erick; Uddin, Mohammad Jashim; Sandoval-Robles, Jesús A.; Mirshams, Reza A.; Ruiz‐Huerta, Leopoldo; Rodrı́guez, Ciro A.; Siller, Héctor R.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125956

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The top surface of LPBF alloys mainly features cellular structures consisting of dendrite cross sections [Figure 4(a)], with a cell size of less than 1 mm [Figure 4(d)], which is consistent with similar reports by several authors (Kamariah et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2019;Liverani et al, 2020;Montero-Sistiaga et al, 2018;Ralston et al, 2016;Ramirez-Cedillo et al, 2020;Shin et al, 2021;Tucho et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019c). The front and side surfaces show a combination of columnardendritic structures in which the columnar structures are oriented parallel to the build direction (arrows direction) [Figure 4(b) and (c)].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Microstructure simulation and experimental evaluation of the anisotropy of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Barrionuevo

Ramos‐Grez²,

Walczak³

et al. 2022

RPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure of steel produced by laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a recognized opportunity for property design through microstructure control. Because the LPBF generates a textured microstructure associated with high anisotropy, it is of interest to determine the fabrication plane that would generate the desired property distribution within a component. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure of 316 L produced by LPBF was characterized experimentally (optical, scanning electron microscopy, glow discharge emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction), and a finite element method was used to study the microstructure features of grain diameter, grain orientation and thermal parameters of cooling rate, thermal gradient and molten pool dimensions. Findings The computational tool of Ansys Additive was found efficient in reproducing the experimental effect of varying laser power, scanning speed and hatch spacing on the microstructure. In particular, the conditions for obtaining maximum densification and minimum fusion defects were consistent with the experiment, and the features of higher microhardness near the component’s surface and distribution of surface roughness were also reproduced. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is believed to be the first systematic attempt to use Ansys Additive to investigate the anisotropy of the 316 L SS produced by LPBF.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Microstructure simulation and experimental evaluation of the anisotropy of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Barrionuevo

Ramos‐Grez²,

Walczak³

et al. 2022

RPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 1 summarizes the relative density response of 316L SS fabricated by LPBF, highlighting the processing parameters, energy density, and machines/models. It is worth noting that previous work shows that both power and scanning speed are key factors in obtaining higher relative density [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In addition to the manufacturing parameters and scanning strategy, the base material properties are of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Barrionuevo,

Ramos-Grez,

Sánchez-Sánchez

et al. 2024

JMMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complex thermo-kinetic interactions during metal additive manufacturing reduce the homogeneity of the microstructure of the produced samples. Understanding the effect of processing parameters over the resulting mechanical properties is essential for adopting and popularizing this technology. The present work is focused on the effect of laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the relative density, microhardness, and microstructure of 316L stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion. Several characterization techniques were used to study the microstructure and mechanical properties: optical, electron microscopies, and spectrometry. A full-factorial design of experiments was employed for relative density and microhardness evaluation. The results derived from the experimental work were subjected to statistical analysis, including the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine both the main effects and the interaction between the processing parameters, as well as to observe the contribution of each factor on the mechanical properties. The results show that the scanning speed is the most statistically significant parameter influencing densification and microhardness. Ensuring the amount of volumetric energy density (125 J/mm3) used to melt the powder bed is paramount; maximum densification (99.7%) is achieved with high laser power and low scanning speed, while hatch spacing is not statistically significant.

show abstract

“…[4] For this purpose, especially the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) has been applied. [5,6] There have been numerous studies analyzing the correlations between applied PBF-LB process conditions, internal microstructure, residual stresses, corrosion behavior, fatigue properties, and local as well as overall mechanical properties. Furthermore, different mathematical models have been established to predict the process conditions and simulate the influence of different laser spot sizes and laser power, [7] scanning speed, [8] defocus distances, [9] and other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it was shown that smaller hatch spacings translated to a more homogeneous microstructure, and to some extent to a denser material. [10,13] Moreover, it was found that the hatch strategy has also a significant effect on the internal porosity and surface quality, [5,[14][15][16] which correlate with the mechanical properties, especially the fatigue behavior. [6] Larimian et al [15] analyzed the influence of three hatch strategies on the densification, microstructure, and tensile properties of S316L and reported that the best mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation as well as microhardness) were obtained for a hatch strategy with rectangular alternating hatches and a single pass of the laser beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The correlations between process conditions, microstructure, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured components are not fully understood yet. In this contribution, three different hatch strategies are used to fabricate rod‐like samples from S316L stainless steel, which are further investigated using synchrotron diffraction, optical microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicate the presence of ⟨110⟩ biaxial and fiber textures, whose sharpness depends on the applied hatch strategy. Mechanical tests reveal a strong correlation of the samples’ response to the observed anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the build direction. Even though the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of around 475 and 500 MPa, respectively, do not differ significantly, the stress–strain behavior can be correlated with the observed in‐plane anisotropy. Particularly, twinning‐induced plasticity, a distinct increase of the work hardening rate at larger strains and elliptical necking are observed in some samples with biaxial (Goss) texture. These findings indicate that texture design by means of applying dedicated hatch strategies can be used to effectively tune the multiaxial deformation behavior of components produced by laser powder bed fusion.

show abstract

Process planning of L-PBF of AISI 316L for improving surface quality and relating part integrity with microstructural characteristics

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Microstructure simulation and experimental evaluation of the anisotropy of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Microstructure simulation and experimental evaluation of the anisotropy of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Influence of the Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About