Process R &amp; D—the noranda process

Tarassoff, P.

doi:10.1007/bf02657372

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…The side or bottom lances or tuyeres are all submerged beneath the surface of the melt. Side-blown furnaces typically include Vanyukov (Vaisburd et al 2002;Zhang et al 2015), Teniente (Devia et al 2019), and Noranda (Tarassoff 1984), whereas Shuikoushan (SKS) furnaces are bottom blown (Cui et al 2010;Qu et al 2012). Some of these bath smelting technologies are also successfully used in copper converting processes for which the Peirce-Smith (P-S) converter is still the most commonly used (Moskalyk and Alfantazi 2003;Southwick 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Phenomena in Copper Bath Smelting and Converting Processes – A Review of Experimental and Modeling Studies

Song

Jokilaakso

2020

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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Bath smelting and converting technologies for copper production have been improved, resulting in higher production efficiency and less polluting emissions. Reported studies on experimental and computational modeling approaches are reviewed in this paper, focusing on adjustable variables and flow details, for a thorough understanding of the complex flow phenomena of the high-temperature reactors used. Results from water models and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations indicate that the transport phenomena in different reactors should be analyzed separately, as flow behavior exhibits significant differences in different gas injecting regimes and furnace structures. Mixing behavior and further optimization for most furnaces are presented in this review, showing a considerable degree of agreement between experiments and computational simulations. In general, a deeper nozzle or tuyere level with a higher gas flow rate are factors in the majority of copper bath smelting and converting cases. However, the dynamic parameters cannot be infinitely increased, but should be maintained within an appropriate range to provide relatively high mixing efficiency while preventing refractory corrosion due to splashing. Research on detailed flow phenomena including bubbles and surface waves is relatively scarce. It is suggested that the most efficient reaction areas for furnaces in jetting and bubbling regimes are totally different, due to the differences in bubble behavior. Concerning the bath surface, the behavior of transversal standing waves and longitudinal waves has been preliminarily revealed using water models, suggesting that standing waves tend to disappear in particular ranges of bath height and gas flow rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Phenomena in Copper Bath Smelting and Converting Processes – A Review of Experimental and Modeling Studies

Song

Jokilaakso

2020

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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Recent Advances in Organic Reactions Involving Elemental Sulfur

2017

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Elemental sulfur hasb een known since Antiquity and found widespread applications in the preparation of black gunpowder,t he synthesis of sulfuric acid as well as other sulfur-containing compounds,a nd the vulcanization of rubber.O ver the last several years,wehave come to better understand its properties andd iscover more applications of elementals ulfuri ns ynthetic organic chemistry.T his review summarizes the advancesf rom 2000i nt he construction of organic molecules using elemental sulfur via sulfuration, oxidation, reduction and redox condensation processes.

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Optimisation Possibilities of Copper Smelting and -Processing

Krüger

2006

Sustainable Metals Management

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Process R & D—the noranda process

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Transport Phenomena in Copper Bath Smelting and Converting Processes – A Review of Experimental and Modeling Studies

Transport Phenomena in Copper Bath Smelting and Converting Processes – A Review of Experimental and Modeling Studies

Recent Advances in Organic Reactions Involving Elemental Sulfur

Optimisation Possibilities of Copper Smelting and -Processing

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