Processable dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) doped poly(N-vinyl carbazole)-poly(pyrrole) for optoelectronic applications

Abstract

A soluble poly (n-vinyl carbazole)–polypyrrole (PNVC–Ppy) copolymer was prepared through oxidative chemical polymerization wherein dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) was used as a dopant to facilitate polymer-organic solvent interaction and ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as an oxidant. Compared with undoped PNVC–Ppy, the DBSA-doped PNVC–Ppy copolymer showed higher solubility in some selected organic solvents. The composition and structural characteristics of the DBSA-doped PNVC–Ppy were determined by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic methods. Field emission scanning electron microscopic method was employed to observe the morphology of the DBSA-doped PNVC–Ppy copolymer. The electrical conductivity of the DBSA-doped PNVC–Ppy copolymer was measured at room temperature. The conductivity increased with increasing concentration of APS oxidant, and the highest conductivity was recorded at 0.004 mol/dm3 APS at a polymerization temperature of −5 °C. The increased conductivity can be explained by the extended half-life of pyrrole free radical at a lower temperature and a gradual increase in chain length over a prolonged time due to the slow addition of APS. Furthermore, the obtained soluble copolymer exhibits unique optical and thermal properties different from those of PNVC and Ppy.

Insights from the Physicochemical and Electrochemical Screening of the Potentiality of the Chemically Synthesized Polyaniline

“…However, too much excess of APS induces an obvious deterioration of the electrical conductivity (0.25 s cm −1 for [APS]/[ANI] = 2) due to the degradation by over-oxidation that produces shorter conjugated PANI chains. 49,81 These results can be confirmed by XRD data (Fig. 4a and Table SII) that reveal the higher crystallinity degree of the polymer PANI-HCl-R0.5.…”

Facile Preparation of Doxorubicin-Loaded and Folic Acid-Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes@Poly(N-vinyl pyrrole) for Targeted Synergistic Chemo–Photothermal Cancer Treatment

“…Peaks at 1626 and 1483 cm −1 were ascribed to C=C stretching vinylidene group and ring vibration of NVC moiety, respectively. 37 Absorptions at 2916 and 2848 cm −1 were attributed to C−H vibration. Peaks at 1168 and 890 cm −1 could be assigned to C−N stretching vibration and ring deformation of substituted aromatic structure, respectively.…”

“…After the polymer shell was coated on MWNTs, new peaks attributed to PVPy were observed. Peaks at 1626 and 1483 cm –1 were ascribed to C=C stretching vinylidene group and ring vibration of NVC moiety, respectively . Absorptions at 2916 and 2848 cm –1 were attributed to C–H vibration.…”

Synthesis of Pyrrole-N-vinylcarbazole Neat Copolymer (Py-NVK) and ZnO Nanocomposite (Py-NVK_ZnO)

“…Literature reports the XRD diffractograms of pyrrole showing broad diffraction peak at 2θ = 20.10º portraying the intermolecular spacing and indicative of amorphous structure of pyrrole. Likewise, the literature on XRD spectra of N-vinylcarbazole (NVK) report partially crystalline structure with a peak at 20.8º [75], whereas, the XRD pattern of the synthesized neat copolymer shows amorphous nature and the diffraction signal of 2θ value was observed at 20.18º. Formation of the copolymer was indicated by peak shift towards 20.18º in comparison to the XRD peaks of Py and NVK at 20.10º and 20.80º respectively.…”