Processes affecting genetic structure and conservation: a case study of wild and cultivated Brassica rapa

Andersen, Naja Steen; Poulsen, Gry; Andersen, Bente; Kiær, Lars Pødenphant; D’Hertefeldt, Tina; Wilkinson, M. J.; Jørgensen, Rikke Bagger

doi:10.1007/s10722-008-9354-6

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The largest component of the total genetic variation (62%) was, however, found within accessions as shown by the AMOVA. This is to be expected for an outcrossing species, and is consistent with other studies done on outcrossing crop species (see e.g., Sanchez et al 2000;Andersen et al 2009). Among wild B. oleracea populations in France, England and Spain a similar value of populationdifferentiation (G ST = 0.37, based on isozyme data) was found (Lannér-Herrera et al 1996), whereas a somewhat lower value (F ST = 0.23, based on AFLP data) was found among wild populations in Britain (Watson-Jones et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe

Christensen

Bothmer²,

Poulsen³

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe Abstract AFLP markers were used to characterize diversity and asses the genetic structure among 17 accessions of kale landraces, cultivars and wild populations from Europe. The range of average gene diversity in accessions was 0.11-0.27. Several landraces showed higher levels of diversity than the wild populations and one cultivar had the lowest diversity measures. The landraces that were most genetically diverse were from areas where kales are known to be extensively grown, suggesting in situ conservation in these areas as a supplement to storage of seeds in gene banks. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 62% of the total variation was found within accessions. For most accessions, genetic distance was not related to geographic distance. Similarities among accessions were probably not caused by recent gene flow since they were widely separated geographically; more likely the relationship among them is due to seed dispersal through human interactions. Our results indicate that a kale population found in a natural habitat in Denmark was probably not truly wild but most likely an escape from a cultivated Danish kale that had subsequently become naturalized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe

Christensen

Bothmer²,

Poulsen³

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…A similar trend for varieties and wild species of other obligate outcrossing species as such as Festuca pratensis Huds. and Brassica rapa L. has been reported by Fjellheim and Rognli (2005) and Andersen et al (2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spontaneous gene flow and population structure in wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L.

Kiær

Felber

Flavell

et al. 2008

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implications for the genetic structure and evolution of populations and varieties. One aspect of this cropwild gene flow is the dispersal of transgenes from genetically modified varieties, e.g. gene flow from GM chicory to natural chicory could have unwanted consequences. With the purpose to identify and quantify crop-wild gene flow in chicory, we analysed introgression in 19 wild chicory populations and 16 accessions of chicory varieties and landraces distributed across Northern, Central and Mediterranean Europe. The analysis used 281 AFLP markers and 75 SSAP markers giving a total of 356 polymorphic markers. Results from model based assignments with the program STRUCTURE indicated many incidents of recent gene flow. Gene flow was observed both between cultivars and wild populations, between landraces and wild populations, between different wild populations as well as between cultivars. Population structure visualized by distance-based clustering showed a North-South geographical structuring of the wild populations, and a general grouping of the cultivars corresponding to known origin. The results indicated, however, that the structuring between the two groups of wild and cultivated types was weak. As crop and wild recipients are genetically close and genes are transferred between the two types rather frequently, focus on mitigating crop-wild gene flow should be increased, before transgenic varieties are cultivated openly.

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“…Insights into the identities of wild and feral populations-The identification of crop wild relatives allows for direct comparisons between wild and crop forms and provides an important source of genetic material for crops (Honnay et al, 2012;Dempewolf et al, 2014) which often have relatively limited genepools due to diversity bottlenecks from selection (Olsen and Gross 2008). Feral relatives can be morphologically indistinguishable from wild material (Wang et al 2017) and the wild or feral nature of B. rapa populations have been contested (Andersen et al, 2009) hindering domestication research, breeding, and conservation in the species. In our analyses, weedy B. rapa samples from the Caucasus, Siberia, and Italy ("weedy CSI") consistently segregate in a lineage distinct from weedy samples from the Americas and Europe outside of Italy, a lineage that has not been recovered in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although B. rapa ssp. sylvestris occur spontaneously on roadsides, waste areas, farmlands, and riversides in many temperate areas worldwide (Andersen et al, 2009), it is unclear whether these populations are feral crop escapes or truly wild forms (Crouch et al, 1995;Andersen et al, 2009). Feral plants-derived fully or partially from domesticated crops-may or may not resemble wild forms and may harbor different levels of diversity than wild conspecifics (Gressel, 2005).…”

Section: Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassica rapadomestication: untangling wild and feral forms and convergence of crop morphotypes

McAlvay

Ragsdale²,

Mabry

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The study of domestication contributes to our knowledge of evolution and crop genetic resources. Human selection has shaped wild Brassica rapa into diverse turnip, leafy, and oilseed crops. Despite its worldwide economic importance and potential as a model for understanding diversification under domestication, insights into the number of domestication events and initial crop(s) domesticated in B. rapa have been limited due to a lack of clarity about the wild or feral status of conspecific non-crop relatives. To address this gap and reconstruct the domestication history of B. rapa, we analyzed 68,468 genotyping-by-sequencing-derived SNPs for 416 samples in the largest diversity panel of domesticated and weedy B. rapa to date. To further understand the center of origin, we modeled the potential range of wild B. rapa during the mid-Holocene. Our analyses of genetic diversity across B. rapa morphotypes suggest that non-crop samples from the Caucasus, Siberia, and Italy may be truly wild, while those occurring in the Americas and much of Europe are feral. Clustering, tree-based analyses, and parameterized demographic inference further indicate that turnips were likely the first crop type domesticated, from which leafy types in East Asia and Europe were selected from distinct lineages. These findings clarify the domestication history and nature of wild crop genetic resources for B. rapa, which provides the first step toward investigating cases of possible parallel selection, the domestication and feralization syndrome, and novel germplasm for Brassica crop improvement.

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Processes affecting genetic structure and conservation: a case study of wild and cultivated Brassica rapa

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe

Spontaneous gene flow and population structure in wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L.

Brassica rapadomestication: untangling wild and feral forms and convergence of crop morphotypes

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