Processes for the Production of Xylitol—A Review

Rafiqul, I. S. M.; Sakinah, A. M. Mimi

doi:10.1080/87559129.2012.714434

Cited by 155 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…During autohydrolysis, the release of uronic and acetyl groups present in hemicelluloses provides the acidic media that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds between hemicellulose and lignin as well as that of carbohydrates (García et al, 2012;Rafiqul and Sakinah, 2013). In our case, the pH of the hydrolysates obtained after autohydrolysis ranged between 3.03 and 3.32.…”

Section: Characterization Of Hydrolysatesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…This solid obtained after hydrolysis, composed mainly of cellulose and lignin, is a potential raw material for the manufacture of pellets which are used for heat and power production (García et al, 2012;Rafiqul et al, 2013). Therefore, sulphuric acid was chosen instead of nitric acid for optimizing the dilute acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Optimization Of Dilute Sulphuric Acid Hydrolysis Infl Uencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemicellulose of lignocellulosic biomass can be easily and selectively extracted by dilute acid under mild treatment conditions to obtain D-xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolysate which is a potential substrate for the manufacture of xylitol (García et al, 2011;Rafiqul and Sakinah, 2013). This compound has a broad range of applications in medical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of solid loading on D-xylose production through dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis of olive stones

Cuevas¹,

Saleh²,

García‐Martín³

et al. 2015

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:The selective hydrolysis of hemicellulose from olive stones was attempted in order to achieve a maximum D-xylose yield. For this aim, batch hydrolysis was conducted under different operating conditions of temperature, acid concentration and solid loading. Firstly, distilled water, sulphuric acid and nitric acid were assessed as hydrolytic agents at different temperatures (200, 205, 210 and 220 °C) and at a fixed acid concentration (0.025 M). Sulphuric acid and 200 °C were selected for the subsequent dilute acid hydrolysis optimization based on the obtained D-xylose yields. The combined influence of solid loading (from 29.3 to 170.7 g olive stones into 300 mL acid solution) and sulphuric acid concentration (0.006-0.034 M) on the release of D-xylose was then estimated by response surface methodology. According to a statistical analysis, both parameters had significant interaction effects on D-xylose production. The results illustrated that the higher the solid loading, the higher the required acid concentration. The decrease in the solid/liquid ratio in the reactor had a positive effect on D-xylose extraction and on the amount of acid used. The optimum solid loading and sulphuric acid concentration were determined to be 50 g (solid/liquid ratio 1/6) and 0.016 M, respectively. Under these conditions, the predicted D-xylose yield (expressed as g of sugar per 100 g of dry matter fed) was 20.4 (87.2% of maximum attainable). KEYWORDS: D-xylose; Dilute acid hydrolysis; Hemicellulose; Olive stones; Response surface methodologyRESUMEN: Influencia de la carga de sólido en la producción de D-xilosa mediante hidrólisis del hueso de aceituna con ácido sulfúrico diluido. Se ha desarrollado una hidrólisis selectiva de la fracción hemicelulósica del hueso de aceituna con el fin de obtener el máximo rendimiento de D-xilosa. Para ello las hidrólisis se llevaron a cabo en un reactor discontinuo a distintas condiciones de temperatura, concentración de ácido y carga de sólidos. En primer lugar se evaluó la capacidad hidrolítica del agua destilada y de los ácidos nítrico y sulfúrico a distintas temperaturas (200, 205, 210 y 220°C) manteniendo fija la concentración de ácido (0,025 M). A partir de los rendimientos en D-xilosa obtenidos se seleccionó el ácido sulfúrico y una temperatura de 200 °C para la posterior optimización del proceso. La influencia conjunta de la carga de sólidos (desde 29,3 a 170,7 g de hueso de aceituna en 300 mL de disolución ácida) y de la concentración de ácido sulfúrico (0,006-0,034 M) sobre los rendimientos de D-xilosa fue determinada mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta. Según el análisis estadístico ambos parámetros tuvieron un efecto interactivo significativo en la producción de D-xilosa. Los resultados mostraron que se requiere mayor concentración de ácido a mayor carga de sólidos. La disminución de la relación sólido/líquido en el reactor tuvo un efecto positivo en la extracción de D-xilosa y en la cantidad de ácido utilizado. Las condiciones óptimas fueron 50 g de sólidos (relación ...

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Section: Characterization Of Hydrolysatesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Optimization Of Dilute Sulphuric Acid Hydrolysis Infl Uencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of solid loading on D-xylose production through dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis of olive stones

Cuevas¹,

Saleh²,

García‐Martín³

et al. 2015

Grasas y Aceites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The microbial production of xylitol has been examined as an alternative to the chemical process, which on an industrial scale is time consuming mainly due to sterilization and inoculum development. The enzymatic production of xylitol from lignocellulosics is an attractive and promising alternative to the chemical process, potentially eliminating the major disadvantages of conventional processes (Rafiqul and Sakinah, 2013). As the use of xylitol has been limited by the lack of a reliable, low-cost, high-quality supplier, using a combination of steam and enzymes, Xylitol Canada (http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/xyltf) has been able to produce xylose with significantly less waste from hardwood through the cellulosic xylose process.…”

Section: Low Calorie Sweetenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Other Organism‐Based Processes and Products

Lee

2014

Fundamentals of Food Biotechnology

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Enzymes, which are protein catalysts synthesized by living systems, are important as synthetic and degradative catalysts. With the help of a multitude of enzymes, microorganisms are able to carry out the huge number of stepwise chemical reactions necessary for the growth and maintenance of cells (metabolism). Many microorganisms synthesize additional, often complex substances, which play no part in the growth process, the so-called secondary metabolites such as flavor and fragrances. Most of the chemical reactions taking place in living cells are completed in milliseconds or less, within a relatively narrow range of physical conditions. This rapid rate of metabolism is due to the existence of biological catalysts, namely enzymes. Enzymes not only make essential contributions to cellular activities, but also find many applications in biotechnology, especially in the food processing industry, for manufacturing cheese, beer, wine, bread, sweeteners, and so on, and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for synthesizing amino acids and antibiotics.While the presence of natural enzymes is advantageous in curing food products such as cheese and meat to give desirable textures and flavors, natural enzymes may produce undesirable reactions, such as rancidity from lipases and browning reactions due to polyphenol oxidases. Sometimes natural enzymes in foods are used as an index of the pasteurization of milk or cheese (by the detection of phosphatase or catalase) or to indicate the presence of peroxidase in vegetable products (as evidence of incomplete blanching). Recognition of the functions and the usefulness of enzymes in bringing about desirable changes in foods has led to the large-scale production of commercial enzymes. Of the more than 4000 enzymes known from animal, plant, or microbial sources, fewer than 20 are industrially produced on a large scale for the production of foods and intermediates. The majority of enzymes are hydrolases such as amylases, cellulases, pectinases, and proteases, which degrade polymeric substances to simple molecules. The world market for total enzymes is predicted to $7 billion in 2013

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“…[9][10][11] Lignocellulosic biomass is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. 12,13 A cellulosic feedstock (such as wood) has been widely used to replace refined sugar, and been utilized for the production of ethanol, 14,15 single cell protein, 16 xylitol 17 and organic acid such as lactic acid. 18 The conversion of wood to lactic acid is more challenging due to the complex structure of the lingocellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Optimization of Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Wood Sawdust for Lactic Acid Production

Nancib¹

2017

JABB

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Abbreviations: SW, sawdust wood; CCD, central composite design; LAB, lactic acid bacteria; L-LDH, L-lactate dehydrogenase; RSM, response surface methodology; 3D, 3-dimensional; MSW, meranti wood sawdust; OFI, Opuntia ficus indica IntroductionLactic acid has a wide application in food, pharmaceutical, leather, cosmetic applications, textile, and polylactic acid industries.1-3 Lactic acid can be produced either by fermentation or by chemical synthesis. But the biotechnological fermentation process has received significant importance due to environmental concerns, use of renewable resources instead of petrochemicals, low production temperature, low energy requirements, and high purity. Mammalian cells only contain L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), so L(+) form of lactic acid is used for food and drug industry, because the human body is only adapted to assimilate this form by the action of the enzyme L-LDH whereas D-lactic acid is often harmful to human metabolism, his accumulation in the blood can cause acidosis. 4,5 Lactic acid can be synthesized by microbial fermentation of the various raw materials such as molasses, 6 whey, 7 and date juice. 8 As in any industrial organic acid or solvent fermentation, the main economic factors are the choice and cost of the substrate and the cost of recovery in downstream processing. Feedstock that would reduce the processing cost would greatly enhance the competitiveness of fermentative lactate production. Many efforts have been made to develop biotechnologies for lactate generation from such a cheap, abundant and renewable substrate. Recently, fermentation of non-food biomass has also gained considerable attention due to the forthcoming scarcity of fossil fuels and the increased lack of food and feed supplies over the world. Biomass of lignocelluloses is a low-cost and extensively available renewable carbon source as an alternative to the conventional feed stocks.9-11 Lignocellulosic biomass is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. 12,13 A cellulosic feedstock (such as wood) has been widely used to replace refined sugar, and been utilized for the production of ethanol, 14,15 single cell protein, 16 xylitol 17 and organic acid such as lactic acid. 18The conversion of wood to lactic acid is more challenging due to the complex structure of the lingocellulose. The three polymers of Lignocellulosic biomass are arranged to form a highly recalcitrant structure, 19 hindering the availability of carbohydrates for fermentation processes, representing a high barrier for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic material. In fact it is necessary to pretreat the wood to alter its structural and chemical composition to facilitate hydrolysis of carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. 20,21 Pretreatment uses various techniques, including ammonia fiber explosion, chemical treatment, biological treatment, and steam explosion, to alter the structure of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more accessible. Conversion of wood lignocellulosic biomass to glucose and other monomeric suga...

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Processes for the Production of Xylitol—A Review

Cited by 155 publications

References 123 publications

Influence of solid loading on D-xylose production through dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis of olive stones

Influence of solid loading on D-xylose production through dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis of olive stones

Other Organism‐Based Processes and Products

Statistical Optimization of Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Wood Sawdust for Lactic Acid Production

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