Processes Occurring in Solids Under the Action of Powerful Shock Waves

Dremin, A. N.; Breusov, O. N.

doi:10.1070/rc1968v037n05abeh001643

Cited by 125 publications

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“…The first report of these shock-induced reactions is due to Batsanov et al [1]. This initial discovery was followed by activity in Japan [2,3] and the USSR [4][5][6][7][8]. In the U.S., the pioneering work of Graham and co-workers [9][10][11] was followed by investigations by Vreeland and co-workers [12,13], Horie et al [14,15], Boslough [16], Thadhani and co-workers [17,18], and Yu et al [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Vecchio

Meyers

1994

Acta Metallurgica et Materialia

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Abstract--Niobium and molybdenum silicides were synthesized by the passage of high-amplitude shock waves through elemental powder mixtures. These shock waves were generated by planar parallel impact of explosively-accelerated flyer plates on momentum-trapped capsules containing the powders. Recovery of the specimens revealed unreacted, partially-reacted, and fully-reacted regions, in accord with shock energy levels experienced by the powder. Electron microscopy was employed to characterize the partiallyand fully-reacted regions for the Mo-Si and Nb-Si systems, and revealed only equilibrium phases. Selected-area and convergent beam electron diffraction combined with X-ray microanalysis verified the crystal structure and compositions of the reacted products. Diffusion couples between Nb and Si were fabricated for the purpose of measuring static diffusion rates and determining the phases produced under non-shock condition. Comparison of these non-shock diffusion results with the shock synthesis results indicates that a new mechanism is responsible for the production of the NbSi2 and MoSi2 phases under shock compression. At the local level the reaction can be rationalized, for example, in the Nb-Si system under shock compression, through the production of a liquid-phase reaction product (NbSi2) at the Nb-particle/Si-liquid interface, the formation of spherical nodules (~2/zm diameter) of this product through interfacial tension, and their subsequent solidification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Vecchio

Meyers

1994

Acta Metallurgica et Materialia

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“…Fig. 27 Illustration of the ROLLER model proposed by Dremin and Bruesov, 28 extended to a binary system, to explain the mechanism of ultra-fast reaction initiation under shock-loading. The sliding interface between A and B crystals produces a small AB nucleus, which accumulates material in the formation of a new phase.…”

Section: Fig 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that "shock-induced" chemical reactions occur as a consequence of mechanochemical effects, via processes involving solid-state structural re-arrangements of atomic constituents forming compounds via displacive-type processes. 6,[28][29][30] Thermochemical mechanisms including liquid-phase reactions, founded on the observation of localised melts (or "hot-spots") at interparticle regions in powder mixtures have also been proposed. [31][32][33][34] However, the lack of availability of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements has inhibited direct observation and thus, not provided conclusive evidence of the mechanism(s) and kinetics of shock-induced chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock compression of reactive powder mixtures

Eakins

Thadhani

2009

International Materials Reviews

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The shock-compression of reactive powder mixtures can yield varied chemical behaviour with occurrence of mechanochemical reactions in the time-scale of the high-pressure state, or thermochemical reactions in the time-scale of temperature equilibration, or simply the creation of densepacked highly reactive state of material. The principal challenge has been to understand the processes that distinguish between mechanochemical (shock-induced) and thermochemical (shock-assisted) reactions, which has broad implications for the synthesis of novel metastable or non-equilibrium materials, or the design of highly configurable next-generation energetic materials. In this paper, the process of shock-compression in reactive powder mixtures and the associated role of various intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of reactants in the triggering of ultra-fast "shock-induced" chemical reactions are discussed. Experimental techniques employing time-resolved diagnostics, and results, that identify the occurrence of shock-induced reactions are reviewed. Conceptual and numerical models used to describe the heterogeneous nature of such reactions through mesoscopic details of shock-compression are presented. Finally, a discussion of the application of recent results for the design of reactive material systems with controlled reaction initiation and energy release characteristics is provided.

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“…7,8 Under dynamic shock-loading conditions, the process of granular compaction has been shown to initiate chemical reactions in reactive powder mixtures. 9 Two classes of reactions have been proposed: 10 shock-assisted, thermally induced reactions, which occur on the time scale of bulk temperature equilibration, and shock-induced reactions, where reaction is initiated within or shortly behind the shock front. While the mechanisms responsible for the thermally induced shock-assisted reactions are well established, those contributing to the ultrafast shock-induced reactions are not fully understood due to the inability to probe the processes leading to reaction initiation in real time ͑microsecond duration͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This information is essential to probe the mechanochemical processes, long attributed to being responsible for the initiation of shock-induced reactions. [9][10][11] Modeling of the shock-compression of granular systems has been performed by a number of investigators. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] However, still several questions remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete particle simulation of shock wave propagation in a binary Ni+Al powder mixture

Eakins

Thadhani

2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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Numerical simulations of shock wave propagation through discretely represented powder mixtures were performed to investigate the characteristics of deformation and mixing in the Ni+ Al system. The initial particle arrangements and morphologies were imported from experimentally obtained micrographs of powder mixtures pressed at densities in the range of 45%-80% of the theoretical maximum density ͑TMD͒. Simulations were performed using these imported micrographs for each density compact subjected to driver velocities ͑U p ͒ of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 km/ s, and the resulting shock velocity ͑U s ͒ was used to construct the U s -U p equation of state. The simulated equation of state for the 60% TMD mixture was validated by matching results obtained from previous gas-gun experiments. The details of shock wave propagation through the Ni+ Al powder mixtures were explored on several scales. It is shown that the shock compression of mixtures of powders of dissimilar densities and strength is associated with heterogeneous deformation processes leading to focused flow, particulation, and vortex formation, resulting in local fluctuations in pressure and temperature, which collectively are responsible for highly irregular "shock" fronts and unstable high-pressure states in granular media.

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Processes Occurring in Solids Under the Action of Powerful Shock Waves

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Shock synthesis of silicides—I. experimentation and microstructural evolution

Shock compression of reactive powder mixtures

Discrete particle simulation of shock wave propagation in a binary Ni+Al powder mixture

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