Processes of flood‐triggered detrital layer deposition in the varved Lake Mondsee sediment record revealed by a dual calibration approach

Kämpf, Lucas; Brauer, Achim; Swierczynski, Tina; Czymzik, Markus; Mueller, Philip; Dulski, Peter

doi:10.1002/jqs.2721

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Summer peak flows (August 2013) delivered coarser particles to the middle and low water column (Figs. 2 and 3B), indicative of interflows dispersing at the summer thermocline (Desloges and Gilbert, 1994;Kämpf et al, 2014). Our monitoring shows that deposition in Brotherswater is controlled by distance from inflow, and neither sediment focusing nor local sediment remobilization in deltaic zones influence flood deposit preservation (Kämpf et al, 2014), highlighting that a delta-proximal coring site should yield the optimal paleoflood record.…”

Section: Basin Regulation Of Sediment Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Geochemical particle size proxies require validation on a site-by-site basis. Coarse layers reflecting non-flood processes in lakes (e.g., slope instability, internal slumping) can be identified from sharp, potentially erosive, contacts and particle size grading within units (Swierczynski et al, 2012;Corella et al, 2014;Kämpf et al, 2014). For settings lacking a clear visual stratigraphy, employing sediment traps to discern flow pathways and verify the flood provenance of a deposit is essential (Figs.…”

Section: Paleoflood Histories From Lake Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to address concerns that a warming climate may trigger more frequent and/or intense floods are hampered by a paucity of long-term observational data against which trends in hydrological extremes can be evaluated (IPCC, 2013). Lakes and their sediments are increasingly being used to generate annually and seasonally resolved paleohydrological data to assess flood frequency in relation to climatic drivers (Swierczynski et al, 2012;Wirth et al, 2013), but inferring flood magnitude from sediments remains a challenge (Schiefer et al, 2011;Kämpf et al, 2014). Reliably determining the minimum discharge for a discernible sedimentary imprint to be preserved is a key precursor to building a time series of river discharge from a lake sediment core; hydrological thresholds of this nature have only been established at annually laminated sites (Corella et al, 2014;Kämpf et al, 2014) and for sediment sequences comprising well-defined lithological contacts (Kämpf et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological thresholds and basin control over paleoflood records in lakes

Schillereff

Chiverrell

Macdonald

et al. 2015

Geology

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The scarcity of long-term hydrological data is a barrier to reliably determining the likelihood of floods becoming more frequent and/or intense in a warmer world. Lake sediments preserve characteristic event layers, offering the potential to develop widely distributed and unique chronologies of historical floods. Inferring flood magnitude remains a greater challenge, previously overcome in part by analyzing sharply laminated polar or alpine sequences. Here we demonstrate an approach to obtain flood frequency and magnitude data from an unexploited resource, the largely visually homogeneous, organic sediments that typify most temperate lakes. The geochemical composition and end-member modeling of sediment trap and adjacent short core particle size data for Brotherswater (northwest England) discriminates the signature of infrequent, coarse-grained flood deposits from seasonal and longer term allogenic (enhanced discharge and sediment supply during winter) and autogenic (summer productivity, thermal mixing) depositional processes. Comparing the paleoflood reconstruction to local river discharges shows that hydrological thresholds censor event signature preservation, with 4 yr recurrence intervals detectable in delta-proximal sediments declining to 9 yr in the lake center. Event threshold (discharge) and process characterization are essential precursors to discerning flood magnitude from sediment archives. Implementation of our approach in globally prevalent temperate lakes offers a vast, unique repository of long-term hydrological data for hydrologists, climate modelers, engineers, and policy makers addressing future flood risks.

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Section: Basin Regulation Of Sediment Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Paleoflood Histories From Lake Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological thresholds and basin control over paleoflood records in lakes

Schillereff

Chiverrell

Macdonald

et al. 2015

Geology

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“…In addition to model studies, a way to investigate potential solar-climate linkages and their underlying mechanisms on short and long timescales and with high temporal precision is to integrate short instrumental records and long paleoclimate proxy time series reflecting the same type of data (Kämpf et al, 2014). Flood layers in the varved Ammersee sediment record form after major River Ammer floods, transporting eroded detrital catchment material into the lake (Czymzik et al, 2010(Czymzik et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar modulation of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales

Czymzik¹,

Muscheler²,

Brauer³

2016

Clim. Past

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Abstract. Solar influences on climate variability are one of the most controversially discussed topics in climate research. We analyze solar forcing of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales, integrating daily discharge data of the River Ammer (southern Germany) back to AD 1926 ( ∼ solar cycles 16-23) and the 5500-year flood layer record from varved sediments of the downstream Ammersee. Flood frequency in the River Ammer discharge record is significantly correlated to changes in solar activity when the flood record lags the solar signal by 2-3 years (2-year lag: r = −0.375, p = 0.01; 3-year lag: r = −0.371, p = 0.03). Flood layer frequency in the Ammersee sediment record depicts distinct multi-decadal variations and significant correlations to a total solar irradiance reconstruction (r = −0.4, p < 0.0001) and 14 C production rates (r = 0.37, p < 0.0001), reflecting changes in solar activity. On all timescales, flood frequency is higher when solar activity is reduced. In addition, the configuration of atmospheric circulation associated with periods of increased River Ammer flood frequency broadly resembles that during intervals of reduced solar activity, as expected to be induced by the so-called solar top-down mechanism by model studies. Both atmospheric patterns are characterized by an increase in meridional airflow associated with enhanced atmospheric blocking over central Europe. Therefore, the significant correlations as well as similar atmospheric circulation patterns might provide empirical support for a solar influence on hydroclimate extremes in central Europe during spring and summer by the so-called solar top-down mechanism.

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“…First detailed comparisons of detrital layer records with instrumental data even questioned the assumption of completeness by providing evidence for both, floods that did not result in detrital layer deposition and detrital layers, which were not triggered by strong floods (Czymzik et al ., ; Kämpf et al ., ). A possible reason might be that the amount and spatial distribution of detrital sediment within a lake basin triggered by flood events might vary (Lamoureux, ; Jenny et al ., ) probably even depending on the season in which a flood occurred (Kämpf et al ., ). A better knowledge of the hydrological and sedimentary processes of detrital layer formation is required to reduce the bias in interpretation and, thereby, improve the use of depositional records as palaeoflood archives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydrological and sedimentological processes of flood layer formation in Lake Mondsee

Kämpf

Mueller

Höllerer

et al. 2015

The Depositional Record

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Detrital layers in lake sediments are recorders of extreme flood events. However, their use for establishing time series of past floods is limited by lack in understanding processes of detrital layer formation. Therefore, we monitored hydro-sedimentary dynamics in Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) and its main tributary, Griesler Ache, over a 3-year period from January 2011 to December 2013. Precipitation, discharge and turbidity were recorded continuously at the river outlet to the lake and compared to sediment fluxes trapped with 3 to 12 days resolution at two locations in the lake basin, in a distance of 0Á9 (proximal) and 2Á8 km (distal) to the Griesler Ache inflow. Within the 3-year observation period, 26 river floods of different magnitude (10 to 110 m 3 s À1 ) have been recorded resulting in variable sediment fluxes to the lake (4 to 760 g m À2 d À1 ) including the 'century-scale' flood event in June 2013. The comparison of hydrological and sedimentological data revealed (i) a rapid sedimentation within 3 days after the peak runoff in the proximal and within 6 to 10 days in the distal lake basin; (ii) empirical flood thresholds for triggering sediment flux at the lake floor increasing from the proximal (20 m 3 s À1 ) to the distal lake basin (30 m 3 s À1 ) and (iii) various factors that control the detrital sediment transport in the lake. The amount of sediment transported to the lake is controlled by runoff and catchment sediment availability. The distribution of detrital sediment within the lake basin is mainly driven by mesopycnal interflows and closely linked to flood duration and the season in which a flood occurred. The combined hydro-sedimentary monitoring revealed detailed insights into processes of flood layer formation in a meso-scale peri-Alpine lake and, thereby, improves the interpretation of the depositional record of flood layers.

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Processes of flood‐triggered detrital layer deposition in the varved Lake Mondsee sediment record revealed by a dual calibration approach

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrological thresholds and basin control over paleoflood records in lakes

Hydrological thresholds and basin control over paleoflood records in lakes

Solar modulation of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales

Hydrological and sedimentological processes of flood layer formation in Lake Mondsee

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