Processes of long-term relaxation of stratospheric aerosol layer in Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes after a powerful volcanic eruption

Zuev, V. S.; Burlakov, V. D.; Elnikov, Andrey V.; Иванов, А. П.; Chaikovskii, A. P.; Shcherbakov, Valéry

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00327-2

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The presence of a fairly concentrated aerosol layer in the stratosphere dominated by sulphuric acid has been known for a long time [ Junge et al , 1961]. The aerosol concentration of the stratosphere is strongly influenced by volcanic eruptions [ Kent et al , 1995] with clearly observable decay times of several years after strong eruptions [ Suortti et al , 2001; Zuev et al , 2001]. During periods of low volcanic influence, model estimates suggest that in situ gas‐to‐particle conversion of carbonyl sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and to some extent dimethyl sulphide, transported across the tropopause are the major sources of the stratospheric aerosol [ Chin and Davies , 1995; Weisenstein et al , 1997; Kjellström , 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol elemental concentrations in the tropopause region from intercontinental flights with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform

et al. 2002

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This study with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform investigates the aerosol elemental concentrations at 9–11 km altitude in the northern hemisphere. Measurements from 31 intercontinental flights over a 2‐year period between Germany and Sri Lanka/Maldives in the Indian Ocean are presented. Aerosol samples were collected with an impaction technique and were analyzed for the concentration of 18 elements using particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE). Additional measurements of particle number concentrations, ozone and carbon monoxide concentrations, and meteorological modeling were included in the interpretation of the aerosol elemental concentrations. Particulate sulphur was found to be by far the most abundant element. Its upper tropospheric concentration increased, on average, by a factor of 2 from the tropics to midlatitudes, with another factor 2 higher concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere over midlatitudes. Correlation patterns and source profiles suggest contributions from crustal sources and biomass burning, but not from meteor ablation. Coinciding latitudinal gradients in particulate sulphur concentrations and emissions suggest that fossil fuel combustion is an important source of the aerosol in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. The measurements indicate aerosol transport along isentropic surfaces across the tropopause into the lowermost stratosphere. As a result of the prolonged residence time, ageing via oxidation of sulphur dioxide in the lowermost stratosphere was found to be a likely high‐altitude, strong source that, along with downward transport of stratospheric air, could explain the vertical gradient of particulate sulphur mass concentration around the extratropical tropopause.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol elemental concentrations in the tropopause region from intercontinental flights with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform

et al. 2002

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“…This value equals to that determined in 1979 and considered as the background one (Trickl et al, 2013). As noted above, the results of aerosol lidar observations at the SLS during the periods I and II were described by Zuev et al (1998) and Zuev et al (2001). Next, we consider the temporal dynamics of stratospheric aerosol loading over Tomsk during the periods III and IV.…”

Section: Lidar Instruments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Definitely, the detection and subsequent monitoring of strong SAL perturbations by volcanogenic aerosol after the Pinatubo eruption were the major events during the first decade of lidar observations in Tomsk. The data of lidar measurements made in Tomsk over the 1986-2000 period were summarized and analyzed by Zuev et al (1998) and Zuev et al (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

30-year lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer state over Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia)

Зуев¹,

Burlakov²,

Nevzorov³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There are only four lidar stations in the world, which have almost continuously performed observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer (SAL) state for over the last 30 years. The longest time series of the SAL lidar measurements have been accumulated at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) since 1973, the NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, Virginia) since 1974, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) since 1976. The fourth lidar station we present started to perform routine observations of the SAL parameters in Tomsk (56.48&#176;&#8201;N, 85.05&#176;&#8201;E, Western Siberia, Russia) in 1986. In this paper, we mainly focus on and discuss the stratospheric background period from 2000 to 2005 and the causes of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk in the 2006&#8211;2015 period. During the last decade, volcanic aerosol plumes from tropical Mt. Manam, Soufriere Hills, Rabaul, Merapi, Nabro, and Kelut, and extratropical (northern) Mt. Okmok, Kasatochi, Redoubt, Sarychev Peak, Eyjafjallaj&#246;kull, and Grimsv&#246;tn were detected in the stratosphere over Tomsk. When it was possible, we used the NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model to assign aerosol layers observed over Tomsk to the corresponding volcanic eruptions. The trajectory analysis highlighted some surprising results. For example, in cases of the Okmok, Kasatochi, and Eyjafjallaj&#246;kull eruptions, the HYSPLIT air-mass backward trajectories, started from altitudes of aerosol layers detected over Tomsk with a lidar, passed over these volcanoes on their eruption days at altitudes higher than the maximum plume altitudes given by the Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program. An explanation of these facts is suggested. The role of both tropical and northern volcanoes eruptions in volcanogenic aerosol loading of the mid-latitude stratosphere is also discussed. In addition to volcanoes, we considered other possible causes of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk, i.e. the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) events and smoke plumes from strong forest fires. At least two PSC events were detected in 1995 and 2007. We also make an assumption that both the Kelut volcano plume (Indonesia, February 2014) and smoke plumes from massive forest fires occurred in Canada (137 fires in the Northwest Territories, July 2014) and the USA (the Happy Camp Complex fire in California, August&#8211;October 2014), with equal probability, could be the cause of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk during the first quarter of 2015.</p>

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“…The Junge layer (Junge & Manson, 1961) or, in a more general sense, the stratospheric aerosol layer is well-known. Recently it was revealed that this layer appears due to volcanic eruptions (Hitchman, McKay, & Trepte, 1994;Thomason, Kent, Trepte, & Poole, 1997;Zuev et al, 2001). The layer at an altitude of about 20 km is well established by the searchlight, twilight and other methods of observation in the visible band of the spectrum (Rozenberg et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravito-photophoresis and aerosol stratification in the atmosphere

Cheremisin¹,

Vassilyev

Horváth

2005

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Processes of long-term relaxation of stratospheric aerosol layer in Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes after a powerful volcanic eruption

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Aerosol elemental concentrations in the tropopause region from intercontinental flights with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform

Aerosol elemental concentrations in the tropopause region from intercontinental flights with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform

30-year lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer state over Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia)

Gravito-photophoresis and aerosol stratification in the atmosphere

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