Processes of vegetation change

Burrows, C. J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3058-5_11

Cited by 185 publications

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“…Although some of these genera are broadly distributed, many species are endemic to "Chapada Diamantina" -including new species found that belong to the genera Barbacenia (Velloziaceae), Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) and Jacquemontia (Convolvulaceae) -which confers a regional floristic peculiarity. Life-forms -Life-form abundance and distribution patterns also resemble that found elsewhere in Brazil: 1) the predominance of phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes (such as in Meirelles 1996, Meirelles et al 1999, Ribeiro & Medina 2002; 2) the high cover area of desiccationtolerant chamaephytes in locations with a high proportion of exposed rocks (see also Meirelles et al 1997, 1999, Conceição & Giulietti 2002, Conceição & Pirani 2005); 3) the relatively high proportion of cryptophytes (e.g., Mandevilla bahiensis, Hippeastrum spp., and several orchids) suggest an adaptive value for underground structures capable of tolerance to fire, drought (see also Conceição 2003) and trampling by cattle; 4) the commonness of thallo-chamaephytes demonstrates the importance of lichens in such vegetation type (see also Burrows 1990). However, the high proportion of therophytes found at "Gerais da Fumaça" is less commonly described in other neotropical rock outcrops and might result from the proximity with surrounding grassland fields, as already mentioned, which harbor many such species prone to temporary waterlogging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betweensite comparison of edaphic parameters were done by one-way ANOVA (Callegari-Jacques 2003), calculated by the software Statistica 6.0. Initially, variables were tested for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, P > 0.05) and homocedasticity (Levene, P > 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis tested by ANOVA was that means were equal in each site (H 0 : µ M = µ F = µ GF = µ G , α = 0.05; where sites are M = "Mãe Inácia", F = Fumaça, GF = "Gerais da Fumaça" e G = Guiné). Rejection of H 0 meant between-site difference, and Tukey test (a = 0.05) was applied to test such differences (Callegari-Jacques 2003). Surface area of vegetation islands and cover area of individual species -The surface areas of the islands were estimated by measuring their longest axis (l) and greatest width (w).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe environmental conditions, such as soil scarcity and nutrient deficiency, high daily temperature oscillations and intense irradiation restrict the occupation of the exposed rock by plants (Shure & Ragsdale 1977, Burrows 1990, Ware 1990, although these unfavorable conditions are somewhat ameliorated when the vegetation is denser (Daubenmire 1968). These plant aggregations surrounded by rock surfaces are called "soil mat communities" (Hambler 1964), "island communities" (Burbanck & Platt 1964, McCormick et al 1974, Shure & Ragsdale 1977,…”

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Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Conceição¹,

Pirani

Meirelles

2007

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil). Soil islands on rocky surfaces often harbor aggregated vegetation that consists of insular plant communities. These islands are typical of the rocky outcrops and in various parts of Brazil form the so-called "campos rupestres" vegetation. Four of such sites have been selected in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, for this comparative study on floristics and vegetation structure: three areas situated inside the "Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina" (Guiné, Fumaça and "Gerais da Fumaça") and one is at the border of the Environmental Protection Area of "Marimbus-Iraquara" ("Mãe Inácia"). All occurring vegetation islands were studied in four random plots of 10 × 10 m per site. Soil was often shallow, sandy and acidic. Vascular plant species were determined, with respective life forms and canopy coverage areas. The total number of species when all four sites were added was 135, and the number of species per island varied from 2 to 32. The areas of the 214 soil islands varied from 0.015 to 91.9 m 2 , totaling 568 m 2 in the four sites. Monocotyledon families were dominant, essentially Velloziaceae, as well as Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Cyperaceae. Among the eudicotyledons, dominant families were mainly Clusiaceae, Asteraceae and Melastomataceae. The biological spectra revealed that phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes predominated among the life forms, while chamaephytes had the largest coverage area. Epilithic and desiccant chamaephytes composed the most conspicuous interspecific associations, and were probably related to early successional processes. Sites closest to one another were not the most similar in structure, indicating that other factors more relevant than distance might be involved in the abundance of species in space.Key words -floristics, rocky outcrops, soil islands on rocks, vegetation islands, vegetation structure RESUMO -(Florística, estrutura e solo da vegetação insular em quatro afloramentos de quartzito-arenito na Chapada Diamantina, nordeste do Brasil). Ilhas de solo abrigam comunidades vegetais agregadas no espaço e delimitadas pela superfície rochosa. Tais ilhas são típicas dos afloramentos rochosos de várias regiões brasileiras e, por vezes, integram parte da vegetação chamada de campo rupestre. Quatro sítios caracterizados por elevadas proporções de superfície rochosa foram selecionados para este estudo de florística e estrutura vegetacional: três situados dentro do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina (Guiné, Fumaça e Gerais da Fumaça) e um no limite com a APA Marimbus-Iraquara (Mãe Inácia). Sortearam-se quatro parcelas de 10 × 10 m por sítio, onde todas as ilhas de solo ocorrentes tiveram suas áreas estimadas. O solo foi em geral raso, arenoso e ácido. Foram determinadas as espécies de plantas vasculares, com respectivas formas de vida e áreas de cobertura vegetal. O número de espécies nos quatro sítios foi 135, variando de ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Conceição¹,

Pirani

Meirelles

2007

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Clements (Burrows 1990). Rangeland ecologists slowly accepted this situation and have been searching for a replacement theory (Lauenroth and Laycock 1989) and a more modern means to monitor rangeland trend and judge condition (West and Smith 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation responses following wildfire on grazed and ungrazed sagebrush semi-desert

West¹,

Yorks²

2002

REM

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A 20-year set of cover data on sagebrush semi-desert plant communities responding to wildfire and livestock grazing near Mills in central Utah provided an opportunity to compare the assumptions and adaptability of classical and state-and-transition models for describing secondary succession. Cover data were organized and analyzed by plant species, growth forms, and other ground cover classes. Graphical analysis, ordination (employing semi-strong hybrid multi-dimensional scaling), regression, and analysis-of-variance were used to determine whether the patterns observed were best described as community change (tightly linked species) or individualistic change (each species acting independently). Distinct differences in total plant cover, growth form, and species composition were found between burned (both grazed and ungrazed) and the unburned and grazed treatments. Conventional graphical and statistical analyses of burned and ungrazed plots showed greater and earlier expansion of perennial grasses and then relatively less coverweighted compositional change in recent years compared to the other treatments. Vegetation on none of the treatments appears to have stabilized toward either the pre-burn sagebrush semidesert, a new state or the potential natural community for the site involved. Pathways of change reflected in the ordinations have been complex in all treatments. The only obvious trends in responses of individual species were to fire and the inverse relationship of cheatgrass to total perennial vegetational cover. All this evidence points to few tight linkages between species or growth form groups and thus favors viewing these patterns individualistically. While the state-and-transition model allows greater flexibility than the classical model in the depiction of plant community/individual species changes consequent to any management action, it doesn't apply readily everywhere, as exemplified by this case study.

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Primary Succession

Walker

Moral

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Primary succession is the assembly of ecosystems on barren landscapes following severe disturbances that leave little or no biological legacy (lava flows, landslides and mine wastes). The assembly process involves colonisation of newly exposed substrates and subsequent interactions among the colonising plants, animals and soil microbes. Successional trajectories of sequential community replacement then develop, but some may diverge from nearby trajectories, making succession a challenging process to predict. Understanding how plant, animal and microbial communities develop under such extreme conditions is essential for restoration of damaged lands, as restoration is fundamentally the manipulation of successional trajectories by humans. Successional studies also provide insights into loss of biodiversity, climate change and the influences of invasive species on community dynamics. Key Concepts: Primary succession is the process of assembly of ecosystems on barren landscapes following severe disturbances that leave little biological legacy. Primary succession is difficult to predict because it is the net result of many interacting processes including dispersal, colonisation, species interactions and biotic responses to on‐going disturbances. Restoration is the attempt to manipulate succession and what is known about primary succession can be applied to the amelioration of severely disturbed habitats. Primary succession provides insights into biodiversity loss, climate change and the influences of invasive species.

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Processes of vegetation change

Cited by 185 publications

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Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Vegetation responses following wildfire on grazed and ungrazed sagebrush semi-desert

Primary Succession

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